The World Politics of Social Investment: Volume II: The Politics of Varying Social Investment Strategies (International Policy Exchange)

Welfare states around the globe are changing, challenged by the development of knowledge economies. In many countries, policy-makers' main response has been to modernize welfare states by focusing on future-oriented social investment policies that focus on creating, mobilizing, and preserving human skills and capabilities. Yet, there is massive variance in the development of social investment strategies. The World Politics of Social Investment: Political Dynamics of Reform is the second of two volumes of the World Politics of Social Investment (WOPSI) project, which systematically maps and explains different welfare reform strategies in democratic countries around the world. This volume traces the development of social investment reforms across the regions of Nordic, Continental, and Southern Europe, as well as Central and Eastern Europe, North and Latin America, and North East Asia. The chapters in this volume study the impact of different structural drivers for social investment (e.g., demographic, poverty, demand for skill, or lack of an available workforce), the salience of social investment in the public debates, and the different political coalitions that led to or prevented the adoption of social investment strategies. The chapters are written by leading social policy scholars from different world regions. They all apply a joint theoretical framework (developed in the first of the two volumes) to explain the politics of social investment in a range of contexts and policy fields. Jointly with the first volume, the WOPSI project offers the first worldwide analysis of social investment reforms around the globe. Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Contributors INTRODUCTION 1. Structural Constraints, Institutional Legacies, and the Politics of Social Investment Across World Regions • Silja Häusermann, Julian L. Garritzmann, and Bruno Palier PART I. WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA 2. Legacies of Universalism: Origins and Persistence of the Broad Political Support for Inclusive Social Investment in Scandinavia • Alexander Horn and Kees van Kersbergen 3. Loud, Noisy, or Quiet Politics? The Role of Public Opinion, Parties, and Interest Groups in Social Investment Reforms in Western Europe • Marius R. Busemeyer and Julian L. Garritzmann 4. The Partisan Politics of Family and Labor Market Policy Reforms in Southern Europe • Reto Bürgisser 5. Reforming Without Investing: Explaining Non–Social Investment Strategies in Italy • Stefano Ronchi and Patrik Vesan 6. The Politics of Early Years and Family Policy Investments in North America • Susan Prentice and Linda A. White PART II. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE 7. Nation (Re)Building Through Social Investment? The Baltic Reform Trajectories • Anu Toots and Triin Lauri 8. Explaining the Weakness of Social Investment Policies inthe Visegrád Countries: The Cases of Childcare and Active Labor Market Policies • Dorota Szelewa and Michał Polakowski 9. Explaining the Contrasting Welfare Trajectories of the Baltic and Visegrád Countries: A Growth-Strategy Perspective • Sonja Avlijaš PART III. NORTH EAST ASIA 10. The Politicization of Social Investment in the Media and Legislature in North East Asia • Jaemin Shim 11. An Increasing but Diverse Support for Social Investment: Public Opinion on Social Investment in the North East Asian Welfare Systems • Ijin Hong, Chung-Yang Yeh, Jieun Lee, and Jen- Der Lue 12. The Quiet Diffusion of Social Investment in Japan: Toward Stratification • Mari Miura and Eriko Hamada 13. Politics of Social Investment in Post-industrial South Korea • Sophia Seung-yoon Lee and Yeon- Myung Kim PART IV. LATIN AMERICA 14. The Politicization of Social Investment in Latin America • J. Salvador Peralta 15. Social Policy for Institutional Change: Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru • Jane Jenson and Nora Nagels 16. The Politics of Conditionality in Latin America’s Cash Transfer Reforms • Cecilia Rossel, Florencia Antía, and Pilar Manzi 17. How Democracies Transform Their Welfare States: The Reform Trajectories and Political Coalitions of Inclusive, Stratified, and Targeted Social Investment Strategies in Capitalist Democracies • Bruno Palier, Julian L. Garritzmann, Silja Häusermann, and Francesco Fioritto Index "Around the turn of the 21st century, new social policies started to develop all around the world. Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Progresa in Mexico, Superémonos in Costa Rica, Juntos in Peru... almost all Latin American countries have developed "conditional cash transfers" (CCTs), a new type of social policy usually conditioning benefits for poor families on their children going to school or attending health checkups. At the same time, some old industrialized countries famously known for being the heaven of the male breadwinner model have introduced surprising innovation in their welfare systems: in Germany massive investment in preschool childcare (Kita) since the early 2000s and the introduction of two "daddy months" in a German parental leave scheme in 2007; in Japan a well-paid parental leave in 2014 and universalization of free preschool education for ages 3-5 in 2017; in South Korea childcare facilities for children below the age of five made free of charge in 2013. Policies aimed at investing in children's care and education and in mothers' labor market participation seem to have bloomed almost everywhere. Worldwide there has been a sharp increase in access to secondary and tertiary education. Youth training programs have spread in many Latin American countries, while European countries have introduced youth guarantees, an innovative inclusive policy for their NEETs (young people not in education, employment, or training)"-- Provided by publisher