The World of the Gauls - Foundation(s) of a Celtic Philosophy (Second Edition)

More Than Two Millennia After The Roman Conquest That Marked The Beginning Of The Fading Away Of The Gaulish Tongue And Culture, Traces Of The World Of The Gauls Still Pervade Their Land. The Gauls Obstinately Refused To Put Their Worldview Into Writing, But They Nonetheless Left A Foundation, Buried Into The Soil In The Form Of Artifacts Or Written In The Manuscripts Of Their Neighbors. The Artworks Of The Gauls, In Particular, Represent An Invaluable Source Concerning The Way The Early Celts Viewed The Creation: More Than Mere Folklore, It Is Also A Philosophy That Can Be Seen Behind The Images That They Carved On Rocks, Stamped On Coins, Or Cast In Bronze. The World Of The Gauls Is Gone, But Its Foundations Remain, And They Can Become The Basis For The Edification Of Something New, A Philosophy That Will Not Be A Reconstruction Of The Philosophy Of The Ancient Celts, But Rather Only One That Shares Roots With It. The Present Work Examines These Foundations And Uses Them As The Starting Point Of A Modern Celtic Philosophy. The Backbone Of The Old Foundation Is The Tripartition Of The Creation Into Three Realms: The First Is The Dubnos, Which Is The Dark And The Deep, The Earth, The Waters, And The Shadows Of The Night. The Middle Realm Is Bitu, Life And Being, Which Is Characterized By The Color Of Blood: The One Of The Dawn And The Dusk. Finally, The Last One Is The Albios, Which Is The Bright, The Light Of The Skies That Illuminates The Day, And All That Cannot Be Touched With The Hands, That Is, The Metaphysical World. The Three Realms Of Nature, To Which The Gauls Associated Different Gods, Are Themselves Constantly At War With One Another, As Reflected In Their Central Myth, And It Is Through This Harmonious Strife That The Creation Can Flourish And That Man Can Accomplish His Destiny. This Book Represents An Encounter Between The Traces Of The Essence Of The Gaulish World And The Works Of Ancient And Modern Philosophers Such As Heraclitus And Heidegger, An Encounter That Offers A New Vision Of The World In Which Man Lives. About The Author: Antón Bousquet Is An Independent Researcher Specialized In The Philosophy Of Language, The Philosophy Of Religion, And Comparative Cultural Studies. He Holds A Master's Degree In Linguistics From The University Of Grenoble Iii In France And A Ph.d. In Comparative Literature And Intercultural Studies From Fujen Catholic University In Taiwan. A Former Teacher Of French As A Foreign Language, He Has Worked In Different Parts Of Europe, The Middle-east, And Asia. (Second Edition) More than two millennia after the Roman conquest that marked the beginning of the fading away of the Gaulish tongue and culture, traces of the world of the Gauls still pervade their land. The Gauls obstinately refused to put their worldview into writing, but they nonetheless left a foundation, buried into the soil in the form of artifacts or written in the manuscripts of their neighbors. The artworks of the Gauls, in particular, represent an invaluable source concerning the way the early Celts viewed the more than mere folklore, it is also a philosophy that can be seen behind the images that they carved on rocks, stamped on coins, or cast in bronze. The world of the Gauls is gone, but its foundations remain, and they can become the basis for the edification of something new, a philosophy that will not be a reconstruction of the philosophy of the ancient Celts, but rather only one that shares roots with it. The present work examines these foundations and uses them as the starting point of a modern Celtic philosophy. The backbone of the old foundation is the tripartition of the creation into three the first is the Dubnos , which is the Dark and the Deep, the earth, the waters, and the shadows of the night. The middle realm is Bitu , Life and Being, which is characterized by the color of the one of the dawn and the dusk. Finally, the last one is the Albios , which is the Bright, the light of the skies that illuminates the day, and all that cannot be touched with the hands, that is, the metaphysical world. The three realms of nature, to which the Gauls associated different gods, are themselves constantly at war with one another, as reflected in their central myth, and it is through this harmonious strife that the creation can flourish and that man can accomplish his destiny. This book represents an encounter between the traces of the essence of the Gaulish world and the works of ancient and modern philosophers such as Heraclitus and Heidegger, an encounter that offers a new vision of the world in which man lives. About the Antn Bousquet is an independent researcher specialized in the philosophy of language, the philosophy of religion, and comparative cultural studies. He holds a Masters degree in Linguistics from the University of Grenoble III in France and a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature and Intercultural Studies from Fujen Catholic University in Taiwan. A former teacher of French as a foreign language, he has worked in different parts of Europe, the Middle-East, and Asia. Table of Contents Abbreviations Introduction Dubnos The Celts: Sons of the Deep The Nature of Dubnos Dubnos: the Deep Dubnos: the Dark Dubnos: the Ground, Truth The God in the Dark Gods, God, and the Divine The Trail Leading to the Gods of the Celts Cernunnos: The Horned One Cernunnos: The Ground Cernunnos: The Dark Cernunnos / Esus: in the Flow of the Deep The Dark ``Things" The Serpent The Serpent's Egg Metals Torcs The Doorway to the Dark: Sacred Water Bitu The Nature of Bitu Bitu: Man's Life Bitu: Life itself Bitu: Beings and Being The Realm of Blood, Dusk and Dawn The God in Between Teutates: God of the People Teutates: God of Blood Teutates: God of Life The Things of Life Mankind Man Woman The Dog The Tree The Boar The Threshold of Life and Being Albios The Nature of Albios Albios: The Lofty Albios: The Bright Albios: The World The Gods of Albios The Lofty One: Taranis The Bright One: Lugus The Light of the World: Lugus The Celestial Queen The Elevated Things The Mistletoe The Birds Language Symbols The Doorway to the Bright: the Clearing The Strife The Tension between the Realms The Strife between the Realms The First Play: the Daily Cycle The Night The Dawn The Day The Dusk The Second Play: the Monthly Cycle The Bright Moon The Dark Moon The Third Play: the Yearly Cycle The Three Nights of Summer The Dark Semester The Bright Semester The Return of the Three Nights: End and Beginning The Myth The Myth of the Year The Others Myths The Myth of the End Conclusion Table of Figures Bibliography