The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families (Wiley Blackwell Companions to Sociology)

List of tables -- List of illustrations -- Contributors -- Preface -- Part I. Global perspectives on families: 1. Family systems of the world; 2. Changing European families; 3. American families; 4. Family change in East Asia; 5. Changes and inequalities in Latin American families -- Part II. Diversity, inequality, and immigration: 6. Same-sex families; 7. Family poverty; 8. Transnational families; 9. Ethnic diversity in the United Kingdom; 10. Immigrant families and the shifting color line in the United States -- Part III. Family forms and family influences: 11. Cohabitation; 12. Partnerships, family, and personal configurations; 13. Health and families -- introduction; 14. Religion and families -- Part IV. Family processes: 15. Divorce; 16. Partner violence in world perspective; 17. Money management, gender, and households; 18. Family transmission of social and cultural capital -- Part V. Life course perspectives: 19. Adult intergenerational relationships; 20. Children's families; 21. Fathers and fatherhood; 22. Aging families and the gendered life course -- Part VI. Families in context: 23. Public policy and families; 24. Family policy and wives' economic independence; 25. Assisted reproduction, genetic and genomic technologies, and family life; 26. Sex, family, and social change; 27. The global chaos of love.;Unprecedented social changes are taking place that pose new challenges for families. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families brings together a collection of original essays that investigate partnering, parenting and families against the backdrop of rapid social change brought about by globalization, contested cultural values, severe economic shocks, new technologies, and widespread rethinking of welfare state protection for families today. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Notes of Contributors 10 Preface 18 Part I Global Perspectives on Families 27 1 Family Systems of the World: Are They Converging? 29 Times of Change and Family Patterns 29 The World’s Seven Major Family Systems and Their Twentieth-Century Mutations 30 Current Tendencies: Are the Family Systems Converging? 35 Conclusion: Persistent Diversity, Persistent Importance 42 References 42 2 Changing European Families 46 Introduction 46 Becoming a Family 46 Transition to Parenthood 55 Family Dissolution 60 Discussion 63 Acknowledgment 65 References 65 3 American Families: Demographic Trends and Social Class 69 American Families: Demographic Trends and Social Class 69 Conclusion 79 References 81 4 Family Change in East Asia 87 Modernization and Mystiques about East Asian Families 87 Women’s Status and Gender Equality in East Asia 90 Marriage Formation and Dissolution 92 Migrant Families 98 Fertility Decline 99 Living Arrangements and Aging Society 101 Challenges and Opportunities 103 Acknowledgments 103 Notes 104 References 104 5 Changes and Inequalities in Latin American Families 109 Introduction 109 Modernity and Modernization in Latin America 111 The Main Changes in Latin American Families 116 Conclusion 127 Note 128 References 129 Part II Diversity, Inequality, and Immigration 133 6 Same-Sex Families 135 Queer Youth 136 Gay Parents 141 Gay Elders 144 Discussion 150 References 151 7 Family Poverty 158 Defining Poverty 159 The State of World Poverty and Consequences for “the Poor” 161 Which Families are Poor and Why? 164 Living in Family Poverty 169 Conclusion 175 Notes 176 References 176 8 Transnational Families 181 Transnational Families: Introduction and the Mobility Turn 181 Case studies: Transnational Families and the Global Circulation of Care 182 Transnational Families: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues 186 Transnational Families: Research and Methodology across Borders 189 Transnational Families: Doing Family across Time and Distance 191 Transnational Families: Policy Implications 195 Conclusion and Future Directions 197 References 197 9 Ethnic Diversity in the United Kingdom: Family Forms and Conjugality 202 Introduction 202 Toward Modern Individualism for All? 204 Caribbean Kinship: Transnational Links and Support 207 Diversity of the British South Asian Population 209 Pakistani Muslim Marriages: Transnationality, Instability, and Consanguinity 212 Conclusion 214 References 215 10 Immigrant Families and the Shifting Color Line in the United States 220 A Nation of Immigrant Families, Still 221 Is the Color Line Shifting? 223 Biracial and Multiracial Children 228 Segmented Assimilation and the Bifurcation of Racial Groups 230 Conclusion 233 References 233 Part III Family Forms and Family Influences 241 11 Cohabitation: Recent Research and Implications 243 Introduction 243 Basic Cohabitation Trends and Patterns in the United States 244 Cohabitation around the Globe 247 Major Research Questions about Cohabitation 248 Concluding Thoughts: Implications 253 Acknowledgments 255 References 255 12 Partnerships, Family, and Personal Configurations 262 Family Configurations and Interdependences 262 Conjugal Dyads 269 Conclusion 275 References 276 13 Health and Families 281 Introduction 281 Core Concepts and Measures in the Study of Families and Health 282 Families and Child Health: Core Concepts and Measures 283 Families and Child Health: Empirical Research 283 Marital Status, Transitions, and Processes: Implications for Adult Health 287 Implications of Parenthood for Adult Health 293 Conclusion and Future Directions 295 References 296 14 Religion and Families 303 Introduction 303 The American Religious Landscape: A Brief Overview 304 Religious Influences and Family Life 306 Conclusion 319 References 321 Part IV Family Processes 327 15 Divorce: Trends, Patterns, Causes, and Consequences 329 Introduction 329 Trends and Cross-National Differences in Divorce 330 Who Divorces? The Predictors of Divorce 334 Consequences of Divorce 338 Discussion 341 References 343 16 Partner Violence in World Perspective 349 Defining and Measuring Partner Violence 349 Prevalence 350 Contextual and Causal Mechanisms 351 Correlates of and Potential Impact of Partner Violence 354 Services for Victims 356 Policy, Primary Prevention, and Offender Treatment 358 Future and Concluding Remarks 360 References 361 17 Money Management, Gender, and Households 370 Managing Money at the Couple Level 371 Institutional Approaches to Managing Money 374 Conclusions 382 References 383 18 Family Transmission of Social and Cultural Capital 387 Theoretical Framework: Investment in Children and Adolescents 388 Forms of Family Capital Diluted, Diffused, or Intertwined 389 Parental Investment in International Context 391 Social Capital and Academic Outcomes 392 Cultural Capital and Academic Outcomes 392 Social Capital and Social Adjustment 393 Transmission of Social and Cultural Capital across the Life Course 396 Unanswered Questions and Future Directions for Research 400 References 401 Part V Life Course Perspectives 409 19 Adult Intergenerational Relationships 411 Introduction 411 The Solidarity Perspective 412 Conflict, Tension, and Ambivalence 415 Exchange and/or Altruism 416 Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage 419 Consequences for Individual Well-Being 420 Country Differences and Institutional Effects 422 Conclusion 423 References 425 20 Children’s Families: A Child-Centered Perspective 430 Introduction 430 Children as Social Actors 435 The Social Structure of Childhood 437 Children’s Families: A Life Course Perspective 441 Children and Families: Looking Back and Looking Forward 444 References 445 21 Fathers and Fatherhood 450 Expectations for New Fatherhood 451 Shifts in Coparenting and Partnering 452 Nurturance of Children over Time 455 Challenges and Inequality in New Fatherhood 458 Conclusion 462 References 462 22 Aging Families and the Gendered Life Course 470 Introduction 470 Changing Family Composition 471 Older Families in Transaction with Institutions 473 Relationships and Caregiving 476 Conclusions: Implications for Theory and Future Research 482 Acknowledgments 483 References 483 Part VI Families in Context 491 23 Public Policy and Families 493 Introduction 493 Diverging Models of Earning and Caring 494 Female Employment and Birthrates: Converging Goals, Diverging Outcomes? 500 Conclusion 505 References 506 24 Family Policy and Wives’ Economic Independence 511 Theoretical Considerations 513 Data and Measurement 517 Analytical Strategy 520 Findings 520 Conclusions 526 Acknowledgment 529 Appendix 1 529 Appendix 2: Method of analysis 530 Notes 530 References 531 25 Assisted Reproduction, Genetic and Genomic Technologies, and Family Life 534 Introduction 534 Relationship Testing 535 Assisted Reproduction Techniques 537 Testing for Genetic Disease 541 Biomedical Technology: Deployment and Cultural Assumptions 545 Conclusions 547 Acknowledgments 548 References 548 26 Sex, Family, and Social Change 553 Sex Early in the Life Course 554 From Procreation to Pleasure 558 Same-Sex Relationships Going Mainstream 563 Conclusion 565 References 566 27 The Global Chaos of Love: Toward a Cosmopolitan Turn in the Sociology of Love and Families 573 Cosmopolitan Families: Characteristics and Constellations 574 Cosmopolitan Theory 575 The Rise of a Transnational Shadow Economy 577 Loss and Gain: Cosmopolitan Comparisons 581 Conclusions 583 References 584 Index 586 "Intimate partner violence and sexual violence are significant global health problems and human rights issues. Under the rubric of violence against women the two overlapping issues have received increasing attention. Much of the response to these forms of violence has focussed either on advocacy, providing adequate health and legal services and ensuring safety of victims once violence is disclosed, or on screening for violence in the context of health services. When the word "prevention" is used, it is usually in reference to secondary and tertiary prevention - helping women get out of violent situations and preventing further violence. Little attention has been given to primary prevention - addressing the root causes with the goal of reducing the number of new cases. Recent hallmark publications have called for increased investment in primary prevention. As part of the Global Campaign for Violence Prevention, WHO is giving increased attention to the primary prevention of intimate partner violence and sexual violence. Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women: taking action and generating evidence is an important new tool for violence prevention researchers, practitioners and advocates provides a planning framework for developing policies and programmes for the prevention of intimate partner and sexual violence. This guide outlines the nature, magnitude, risks and consequences of intimate partner and sexual violence. It outlines strategies to prevent these forms of violence against women and describes how these can be tailored to the needs, capacities and resources of particular settings. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific evaluation into all prevention activities in order to expand current knowledge of what works. The manual describes interventions of known effectiveness, those supported by emerging evidence, and those that could potentially be effective, but have yet to be sufficiently evaluated for their impact. For instance, school-based programmes to prevent violence occurring in "dating relationships" have been shown to be effective in randomized trials in the USA and Canada. Evidence is emerging for the effectiveness of empowerment approaches which use microfinance combined with gender-equality training or are based on communications and relationship skills training such as the Stepping Stones training package, which has been widely used in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies that aim to prevent intimate partner and sexual violence through reducing the harmful use of alcohol also show promise. A six-step framework for planning, implementing and evaluating such prevention programmes and policies is presented. This document is primarily aimed at policy-makers, programme planners and donors from public health and related sectors who seek to advance the prevention of intimate partner and sexual violence against women. In addition to the principal audience, other interested parties will include those working in other government sectors such as education, child welfare, social care, criminal justice and departments of women or gender equality; advocates from civil society organizations; local authorities; environmental and urban planners; and researchers."

Written by an international team of experts, this comprehensive volume investigates modern-day family relationships, partnering, and parenting set against a backdrop of rapid social, economic, cultural, and technological change.

• Covers a broad range of topics, including social inequality, parenting practices, children's work, changing patterns of citizenship, multi-cultural families, and changes in welfare state protection for families
• Includes many European, North American and Asian examples written by a team of experts from across five continents
• Features coverage of previously neglected groups, including immigrant and transnational families as well as families of gays and lesbians
• Demonstrates how studying social change in families is fundamental for understanding the transformations in individual and social life across the globe
• Extensively reworked from the original Companion published over a decade ago: three-quarters of the material is completely new, and the remainder has been comprehensively updated

Tackling issues relevant to family life today, thisauthoritative Companion shows why studying social change in families is fundamental for understanding the transformations in individual and social life, across the globe. Contains original essays by expert contributors on a wide range of topics relating to the sociology of families. Includes coverage of social inequality, parenting practices, children's work, the changing patterns of citizenship, and multi-cultural families. Gives special attention to European and North American examples. Discusses previously neglected groups, including immigrant families and gays and lesbians. Explores how revolutionary changes in aging, longevity, and sexual behavior have radically affected the experience of different generations, and the relationships between them. Unprecedented social changes are taking place that pose new challenges for families. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families brings together a collection of original essays that investigate partnering, parenting, and families against the backdrop of rapid social change brought about by globalization, contested cultural values, severe economic shocks, new technologies, and widespread rethinking of welfare state protection for families today "The editors have assembled an impressive set of leading and emerging family scholars to provide cutting edge and original contributions on global family patterns, family diversity and family processes, greatly enhancing our understanding of the sociology of families in the twenty first century." Kathleen Kiernan, University of York