The Verb 'Be' and Its Synonyms : Philosophical and Grammatical Studies (2): Eskimo/Hindi/Zuni/Modern Greek/Malayalam/Kurukh

The present volume is the second of a series of studies analysing the verb 'to be' and/or synonyms in a number of languages. It is expected that these studies will provide some of the necessary foundational material for research in logic, the theory of knowledge, and ontology; and possibly in other philo­ sophical disciplines. The concluding volume of the series will attempt to assess the linguistic and philosophical impact of all the contributions. There is no definite principle of arrangement of the contributions, which will be published in the order in which they reach the editor's desk. JOHN W. M. VERHAAR v TABLE OF CONTENTS ON THE NOTION 'TO BE' IN ESKIMO, BY JACOB MEY 1 o. Introduction 1 1. The Problem of Universals and TO BE 2 1. Formal and Substantive Universals 2 2. Universality and Translatability 6 3. How to Find a Universal, Especially TO BE 7 2. TO BE in Greenlandic Eskimo 16 16 1. The Eskimo Language 2. The Material 17 3. Orthography and Phonemic Interpretation 18 4. TO BE-Suffixes and Verbs (in Greenlandic) 19 3. Discussion and Conclusions 27 Bibliography 33 35 THE COPULA IN HINDI, BY YAMUNA KACHRU 35 I. Introduction II. Some Preliminaries of Hindi Syntax 36 A. Simple Sentences in Hindi 36 B. The Auxiliary Element 39 C. Agreement Rules 41 III. The Syntax of the Copula 44 IV. Content: Front Matter....Pages I-IX On the Notion ‘to be’ in Eskimo....Pages 1-34 The Copula in Hindi....Pages 35-59 Zuni Equivalents of English ‘to be’....Pages 60-70 The Modern Greek Verbs of ‘being’....Pages 71-87 Existential, Possessive, Locative and Copulative Sentences in Malayalam....Pages 88-111 A Generative Grammar of Kurukh Copula....Pages 112-148