The Use and Abuse of EFL Dictionaries : How Learners of English As a Foreign Language Read and Interpret Dictionary Entries

Main description: This volume examines some of the ways in which dictionary use has been studied, considers the problems encountered by researchers in this field, and presents a series of experiments which explore fundamental questions concerning the use of dictionaries by learners of English as a foreign language. - Are dictionaries helpful in examinations? Does defining style affect consultation success? Do dictionaries benefit some kinds of learners more than others? How useful are illustrative examples? The author concludes with an analysis of current trends in the design of dictionaries for learners of English, and considers the possible impact of new elctronic formats on dictionary use The book begins with a review of research into dictionary use. A number of experimental design problems are discussed, in particular the unreliability of questionnaire responses, and the need for detailed accounts of individual dictionary consultations whilst sampling in numbers sufficient to represent specified populations. The experiments reported in subsequent chapters investigate issues raised in the review. The first two studies find that dictionary use during a reading comprehension test affected completion speed but not test scores. The apparent failure of dictionary use to improve comprehension is attributed to the test itself, the dictionaries, and the users' choice of look-up words. The ability of users to interpret dictionary entries is investigated in three further studies which use computers to gather data on large numbers of individual consultations. The findings indicate that there is little difference between three major EFL dictionaries in terms of speed of consultation and overall productive success. They also indicate that Malaysian ESL subjects, who have higher vocabulary scores, are slower in their reading and less successfull in their interpretation of entries than Portuguese EFL subjects. Finally, the findings suggest that overall productive success is unaffected by the presence or absence of examples. The experimental findings lead to the conclusion that dictionary consultation is a process in which users match pre-existing beliefs about word meaning and behaviour against segments in the dictionary entry. Such segments are often selected because they are familiar-sounding and conceptually accessible, but may contain only incomplete or non-essential information. Where pre-existing beliefs and dictionary information conflict, dictionary information is sometimes overridden. Thus word knowledge acquired from a single consultation is often insufficient to ensure productive success. Although it is probably inevitable that word knowledge will be acquired slowly, through multiple encounters, modifications to the dictionary entry and the training of users might help to avoid serious misinterpretation of dictionary information. Table of Contents Introduction 1. A review of research into dictionary use and dictionary requirements 2. The effect of dictionary use on performance in a multiple-choice reading comprehension test 3. The effect of different dictionary defining styles on productive dictionary use 4. The effect of language background and culture on productive dictionary use 5. The role of examples in productive dictionary use 6. Concluding comments on the studies 7. Future trends in dictionary design Bibliography Résumé. Utilisation et Abus de Dictionnaires d'Apprentissage Zusammenfassung. Gebrauch und Mißbrauch von EFL-Wörterbüchern