The United States And The Horn Of Africa : An Analytical Study Of Pattern And Process

The recent collapse of the bipolar world order has been accompanied by momentous changes, dynamically setting the international system in motion toward an uncertain future. Such a profound transformation of the international system mandates an evaluation of American foreign policy and the role of the United States in this radically changed world order. In this insightful new book, Okbazghi Yohannes examines the role of U.S. foreign policy with regard to the four countries that make up the Horn of Africa: Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia, and Ethiopia. The book begins by analyzing the historical patterns and processes of American policy in relation to the African Horn during and after the Cold War, offering a comprehensive description of the fundamental policy choices of the United States and the means chosen to achieve American objectives in the region. Finally, Yohannes considers the extent to which the American role in the African Horn aided or impeded the emergence of political democracy and the promotion of economic development within the region. By juxtaposing this new method of examination with traditional approaches, the book reveals a greater coherence in the structural relationship between U.S. policy and the politics of the African Horn. Skillfully incorporating informative background material regarding the history, politics, and diplomacy of the countries covered by the study, Yohannes addresses the interests of both the specialist and the general reader. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Introduction PART ONE THE UNITED STATES AND ETHIOPIA 1 The Quest for a New Paradigm of Diplomacy Toward a New Paradigm of Relations The Beginnings of Military Relations The Beginnings of Economic Relations Notes 2 The Uneasy Alliance: 1953-1976 Toward an Understanding of Ethiopian Politics Attempts at Deepening Economic Relations Deepening Military Relations The Road to Denouement Notes 3 The Struggle to Win Each Other Back: 1977-1996 The Reagan Administration and the Diplomacy of Famine The Changing Political Landscape Back to the Future Notes PART TWO THE UNITED STATES AND ERITREA 4 At Odds with Self-Determination Internationalizing the Problem A Look at the Political Landscape Forwarding the Issue to the U.N. The Beginning of the End The End of the Beginning Notes 5 The American Quandary over Eritrea: 1952-1976 Targeting the Nationalists Dismantling the Federal Structure Realization of Ethiopian Dreams The Road to "Damascus" Toward the Armed Struggle America in the Midst of the Quagmire Notes 6 The Twin Strategies—Containment and Pro-Insurgency: 1977-1996 The Dark Clouds Breaking Up of the Clouds Toward Containment Again Defining Eritrea's New Role Notes PART THREE THE UNITED STATES AND SOMALIA 7 Domesticating Somalia Competing Interests Toward Political Domestication Attempts at Economic Rehabilitation The Problem of Irredentism Notes 8 Somalia Goes East: 1960-1976 Toward Economic Statism Turning to the East The Fruits of Myopia Notes 9 The Somali Paradox—From Strategic Asset to Humanitarian Liability: 1977-1996 Adopting the Foster Child Abandoning the Foster Child America and the Somali Quagmire Notes PART FOUR THE UNITED STATES AND THE SUDAN 10 Laying the Foundations Purpose Achieved Notes 11 The American Struggle over the "Bridge": 1956-1976 The Political Offensive Containing the Left The Economic Paradigm The Management of Volatility Notes 12 From Strategic Partnership to Open Confrontation: 1977-1996 Militarizing Relations Deepening Economic Relations The Beginning of the End Collapse of the Architecture Notes Epilogue References About the Book and Author Index