مرز ایالات متحده و مکزیک: یک راهنمای مرجع (مسائل معاصر جهانی)

This book offers answers to essential questions about the border between the United States and Mexico and connected issues that are accessible to readers interested in immigration, border security, and U.S.-Mexico relations. Comprising seven chapters, The U.S.-Mexico Border: A Reference Handbook surveys the complex topic for students and readers. Chapter 1 discusses the political, social, and economic contexts in which the border came to exist. Chapter 2 discusses problems, controversies, and proposed solutions. Chapter 3 consists of original essays contributed by outside scholars, complementing the perspective and expertise of the author. Chapter 4 profiles major organizations and people who, as stakeholders in border politics, drive the agenda on the issue. Chapter 5 presents data and documents on the topic, giving readers the ability to analyze the facts. Chapter 6 provides additional resources that the reader may wish to consult, such as books, journal articles, and films. Chapter 7 provides a detailed chronology of important events, and the book closes with a useful glossary of key terms used throughout the book and a comprehensive subject index. Helps the reader to better understand the complicated U.S.-Mexico border region Allows different perspectives to be heard from many individuals who are concerned with border issues, from immigration advocates to residents of border towns Aids the general reader who wants to learn more about the history and current events concerning the U.S.-Mexico border in an easy-to-understand fashion Provides an objective perspective in the immigration debate Cover 1 Title Page 6 Copyright 7 Contents 8 Preface 14 Chapter 1. Background and History 20 Introduction 20 The Border before 1848 24 1848–1865: The Mexican-American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and the Consolidation of the Border Line 27 1865–1890: Post–Civil War Migration and Development 35 1890–1930: The Border Boom 39 1930–1942: The Interwar Years 43 1942–1964: The Bracero Program 46 1965–2000: Trends in Migration 50 2000 to Today: Militarizing the Border after 9/11 58 Conclusion 63 References 64 Chapter 2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 74 Introduction 74 Asylum and Refugee Problems 77 Border Barriers and the Militarization of the Border 83 Colonization 91 Drugs, Guns, and Human Trafficking 97 Economic Cycles of Booms and Busts 101 Environmental and Water Problems 105 Foreign Policy Issues 110 Global Economic Issues 114 Illegal Immigration Flows 118 Medicine, Medical Accessibility, and Medical Tourism 123 Political Incorporation 127 Social Change in the Borderland Region 130 Conclusion 131 References 133 Chapter 3. Perspectives 146 Introduction 146 Mexican Americans and the Long Fight against Segregation in the Southwest 146 The Fourteenth Amendment, Incorporation Doctrine, and the U.S.-Mexico Border States 152 Indian Boarding Schools: A History Worth Remembering 157 Social Justice and Injustice in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region 162 Understanding Political Inactivity in the Border Region 167 Changing Labor Dynamics on the U.S.-Mexico Border: Agricultural and Domestic Workers in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives 175 The Apache Wars and the U.S.-Mexico Border 179 Chapter 4. Profiles 186 Introduction 186 Organizations 186 Alianza Federal de Mercedes 186 Center for Biological Diversity 189 Center for Land Grant Studies 190 Chicanos Por La Causa 191 Human Rights First 192 League of United Latin American Citizens 194 Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund 196 Mexican American Political Association 199 Mexican American Youth Organization 201 Movimiento Estudientil Chicanx de Aztlan 202 National Alliance for Hispanic Health 204 National Hispanic Institute 206 New Mexico Center on Law and Poverty 208 Office of Refugee Resettlement 209 Pew Research Center 211 Sinaloa Cartel 212 Unidos US 214 United Farm Workers 216 United We Dream 218 Voto Latino 219 People 221 Brewer, Janet (1944) 221 Bush, George W. (1946) 222 Castro, Julian (1974) 223 Catron, Thomas Benton (1840–1921) 224 Cuellar, Henry (1955) 225 Geronimo (1829–1909) 227 Grijalva, Raul (1948) 228 Grisham, Michelle Lujan (1959) 230 Huerta, Dolores (1930) 231 Jimenez, Cristina (1984) 233 Lujan, Ben Ray (1972) 234 Obama, Barack (1961) 236 Parker, Quanah (1845/1852–1911) 238 Polk, James K. (1795–1849) 239 Richardson, Bill (1947) 240 Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882–1945) 242 Roybal, Eduardo (1916–2005) 243 Sessions, Jeff (1946) 244 Trump, Donald (1946) 246 Vargas, Juan (1961) 248 References 249 Chapter 5. Data and Documents 256 Introduction 256 Data 256 Documents 267 Chapter 6. Resources 300 Introduction 300 Books 301 Scholarly Journals 331 Films 338 Videos 344 Chapter 7. Chronology 348 Glossary 366 Index 374 About the Author 390 This book offers answers to essential questions about the border between the United States and Mexico and connected issues that are accessible to readers interested in immigration, border security, and U.S.-Mexico relations. * * Helps the reader to better understand the complicated U.S.-Mexico border region * * Allows different perspectives to be heard from many individuals who are concerned with border issues, from immigration advocates to residents of border towns * * Aids the general reader who wants to learn more about the history and current events concerning the U.S.-Mexico border in an easy-to-understand fashion * * Provides an objective perspective in the immigration debate *