The Tomb of Pharaoh's Chancellor Senneferi at Thebes (TT99), Volume I: the New Kingdom

Senneferi Was The Chancellor Of The King In Thebes (modern Luxor) In The Reign Of Thutmose Iii (c. 1430 Bc). His Large But Badly Damaged Tomb Lies In The Hill Of Sheikh Abdel Qurna On The West Bank At Luxor. This First Of Two Volumes Focuses On The Use Of The Tomb Complex During The New Kingdom, Especially The 18th Dynasty (c. 1550?1300 Bc). It Begins With An Account Of Senneferi Himself, Looking At His Career, His Family And Other Monuments Made In His Name As Far Apart As Gebel Silsila In Southern Egypt And The Sinai Peninsula. The Central Section Deals With The Development Of The Layout Of The Tomb During This Period And Its Recent Exploration, Including A Detailed Reconstruction Of Its History From 1430 Bc To The 20th Century Ad. The Remaining Chapters Detail The Decoration And Finds From The Excavations, Including A Painted Statue Of Senneferi's Son-in-law And A Unique Set Of Implements From The Opening Of The Mouth Ritual, As Well As Possibly The Largest Ceramic Assemblage Yet Known In A Tomb Of This Date. This Book Presents The Results Of The Detailed Analysis Of What At First Sight Appear To Be Unpromising Finds And Reveals New Insights Into Burial Practices At The Height Of The 18th Dynasty.--back Cover. Volume I. The New Kingdom Volume I. The New Kingdom. Introduction / Nigel Strudwick -- Senneferi, His Family And Related Monuments / Nigel Strudwick -- The Geological And Geographical Setting Of Tt99 / Helen Strudwick And Trevor F. Emmett -- The Tomb, Its Architecture And History / Helen Strudwick And Nigel Strudwick -- The Decoration Of The Chapel / Nigel Strudwick -- The Decorative Programme, Painting Styles And Colors / Nigel Strudwick -- Papyri Und Leichentuch Aus Shaft I / Irmtraut Munro -- The Coffins From Shaft I / John H. Taylor -- The Ceramics From Shaft I / Pamela Rose -- The Hieratic Jar Labels / B. Bohleke -- Small Finds From Shaft I And An Overview Pf Tje Burial Assemblage Of Senneferi / Nigel Strudwick -- The Ceramics From Shaft H / Pamela Rose -- The Human And Animal Remains From Shafts I And H / Tony Waldron. Edited By Nigel Strudwick ; With Contributions By Helen Strudwick [and Seven Others] ; And Appendices By Julie Dawson And Bridget Leach. Includes Bibliographical References (pages Xvi-xxviii) And Indexes. English, 1 Contribution In German; Contains Texts In Hieroglyphic And Hieratic Egyptian. Cover Book Title Copyrights Contents List of tables List of scenes and texts List of figures List of line plates List of colour plates Bibliography Preface Introduction Nigel Strudwick 1.1 Publication structure 1.2 Recent history and earlier work in TT99 1.3 The Cambridge Theban Tombs Project 1.4 Theft and damage 1.5 Presentation of the material in this volume 1.6 General description of contexts Senneferi, his family and related monuments Nigel Strudwick 2.1 Senneferi 2.1.1 Writing of name 2.1.2 Titles and epithets 2.1.3 Career 2.1.4 Dating 2.2 Family 2.2.1 Parents 2.2.2 Wife 2.2.3 A brother? 2.2.4 Children 2.2.5 Son-in-law: Amenhotep 2.3 Monuments of Senneferi other than in TT99 2.3.1 Block statue in the British Museum, EA 48 2.3.2 Pair statue, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, CG 1013 2.3.3 Fragment of a statue, Egyptian Museum, Cairo, CG 1112 2.3.4 Fragment of block statue, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien AS 5978 2.3.5 Shrine 13 at Gebel Silsila 2.3.6 Stela from Serabit el-Khadim (199) 2.3.7 A second stela from Serabit el-Khadim (71.93) 2.4 Senneferi on other monuments or documents 2.4.1 Papyrus Louvre E 3226 2.4.2 Scene in the temple of Serabit el-Khadim (194) 2.4.3 Wadi Hammamat inscription 103 2.4.4 Theban tomb C.3 2.5 Uncertain possible references 2.5.1 Karnak 2.5.2 Hildesheim, Römer und Pelizaeus Museum 5810 2.6 Summary list of titles and epithets of Senneferi The geological and geographical setting of TT99 Helen Strudwick and Trevor F Emmett 3.1 The geographical context (Helen Strudwick) 3.1.1 Location in the necropolis 3.1.2 Necropolis development, orientation and pathways 3.2 The geological setting (Trevor F. Emmett) 3.2.1 An outline of Theban geology 3.2.2 The interior of TT99 The tomb, its architecture and history Helen Strudwick and Nigel Strudwick 4.1 Superstructure 4.2 Facade of the tomb chapel 4.2.1 Niche 4.2.2 Side extensions 4.2.3 Funerary cones 4.2.4 Courtyard 4.3 Chapel 4.3.1 General characterisation of the Chapel 4.3.2 Entrance doorway 4.3.3 Front room 4.3.4 Passage 4.3.5 Rear room 4.3.6 Preparation of the wall surfaces 4.3.7 Damage to the wall paintings 4.4 Burial Shafts A—F inside the Chapel 4.5 The Courtyard burial shafts 4.5.1 Shaft G 4.5.2 Shaft H 4.5.3 Shaft I 4.5.4 Construction sequence and history of Shaft I The decoration of the Chapel Nigel Strudwick 5.1 Scene structure 5.2 Decorative programme, colours and techniques 5.3 Other fragments of decoration 5.4 Entrance 5.4.1 Entrance reveals 5.5 Front room 5.5.1 Wall 1: east wall, south of entrance 5.5.2 Wall 2: south wall 5.5.3 Wall 3: west wall, south of entrance to Passage 5.5.4 Wall 4: west wall, north of entrance to Passage 5.5.5 Wall 5: north wall 5.5.6 Wall 6: east wall, north of entrance 5.5.7 Wall 7: west wall, entrance to Passage 5.6 Passage or Corridor 5.6.1 Door reveals 5.6.2 Wall 8: east wall, over entrance from Front room 5.6.3 Wall 9: south wall 5.6.4 Wall 10: west wall, entrance to Rear room 5.6.5 Wall 11: north wall 5.7 Rear Room (Shrine) 5.7.1 Doorway to Passage 5.7.2 Wall 12: east wall, south of entrance from Passage 5.7.3 Wall 13: south wall 5.7.4 Wall 14: west wall, south of central niche 5.7.5 Wall 15: west wall, central niche and surrounds 5.7.6 Wall 16: west wall, north of central niche 5.7.7 Wall 17: north wall 5.7.8 Wall 18: east wall, north of entrance from Passage 5.7.9 Pillars 5.7.10 Decoration of abaci of columns 5.8 Chapel ceiling decoration and texts 5.8.1 Decoration 5.8.2 Texts 5.8.3 Discussion and parallels The decorative programme, painting styles and colours Nigel Strudwick 6.1 The decorative programme of the Chapel 6.2 Painting styles 6.3 Colour 6.3.1 Notes on method 6.3.2 Colour in Egyptology since 1996 6.3.3 Visualisation 6.3.4 The colours of TT99 Papyri und Leichentuch aus Shaft I Irmtraut Munro 7.1 Papyri 7.1.1 Beschreibung und Befund 7.1.2 Statistik 7.2 Leichentuch 7.2.1 Beschreibung 7.2.2 Spruchvorkommen, Sequenz und stemmatische Einordnung 7.3 Bewertung des Gesamtbefundes 7.4 The provenances of the Shaft I fragments 7.5 Conservation of the papyri of Senneferi 7.5.1 Method 7.5.2 Observations made during conservation 7.6 Conservation of the shroud of Senneferi The coffins from Shaft I John H. Taylor 8.1 18 th dynasty coffin types in the Theban necropolis 8.2 Coffin fragments from Shaft I 8.2.1 Black-varnished coffins of reddish-coloured wood 8.2.2 Black-varnished and painted coffin(s) of reddish-coloured wood 8.2.3 A painted coffin of a light wood 8.2.4 Conclusion The ceramics from Shaft I Pamela Rose 9.1 Introduction and overview 9.2 Dating 9.3 Descriptions 9.3.1 Fabrics 9.3.2 Type nomenclature 9.3.3 Provenance terminology 9.3.4 Abbreviations 9.4 Catalogue 9.4.1 Marl Clays 9.4.2 Nile silt vessels 9.4.3 Imported vessels The hieratic jar labels B. Bohleke 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Dockets contemporary with Senneferi 10.2.1 Transcription, translation and commentary 10.2.2 Conclusion (dockets contemporary with Senneferi) 10.3 Highly fragmentary and intrusive ostraka 10.3.1 Transcription, translation and commentary 10.3.2 Conclusion (fragmentary and intrusive dockets) Small finds from Shaft I and an overview of the burial assemblage of Senneferi Nigel Strudwick 11.1 Opening of the Mouth objects 11.1.1 Summary of publication status 11.1.2 Adzes 11.1.3 Other possible Opening of the Mouth items 11.1.4 Probable label (with B. Bohleke) 11.1.5 Probable box 11.1.6 Related ostraka 11.1.7 Summary of archaeological contexts 11.1.8 Images of the Opening of the Mouth in TT99 11.2 Jewellery 11.2.1 Beads 11.2.2 Faience bracelets 11.2.3 Summary of archaeological contexts 11.3 Stone and other non-ceramic vessels 11.3.1 Vessels 11.3.2 Lids 11.3.3 Cosmetic items 11.3.4 Summary and contexts 11.4 Food containers and provisions 11.4.1 Containers 11.4.2 Provisions 11.5 Secular and religious fUrniture 11.5.1 Non-specific boxes 11.5.2 Canopic box or chest 11.5.3 Knobs 11.5.4 Other furniture from Shaft I 11.5.5 Summary and contexts 11.6 Figured, hieroglyphic and other ostraka 11.6.1 Hieroglyphic ostraka 11.6.2 Figured ostraka 11.6.3 Summary of archaeological contexts 11.7 Other items from Shaft I 11.7.1 Papyri 11.7.2 Mummy shroud 11.7.3 Textiles other than the shroud 11.7.4 Basketry 11.7.5 Gold leaf 11.7.6 Jar sealings 11.8 The burial assemblage of Senneferi (with Helen Strudwick) 11.8.1 Overview of burial equipment found 11.8.2 Burial sequence and distribution of objects The ceramics from Shaft H Pamela Rose 12.1 Introduction and overview 12.2 Dating 12.3 The Courtyard Pottery 12.4 Terminology 12.5 Fabrics 12.6 Catalogue 12.6.1 Marl clay wares 12.6.2 Oasis wares 12.6.3 Nile silt wares 12.6.4 Open forms 12.6.5 Imports The human and animal remains from Shafts I and H 315 Tony Waldron 13.1 Human remains from Shaft I 13.1.1 Disarticulated bone 13.1.2 Minimum number of individuals 13.1.3 Sex of the individuals 13.1.4 Height of the individuals 13.1.5 Skeletal indices 13.1.6 The teeth 13.1.7 Pathology 13.1.8 Mummified material 13.2 Human remains from Shaft H 13.2.1 Disarticulated bone 13.2.2 Minimum number of individuals 13.2.3 Sex of the individuals 13.2.4 Height of the individuals 13.2.5 Skeletal indices 13.2.6 Teeth 13.2.7 Pathology 13.2.8 Normal variants 13.2.9 Childrenâ€TMs skeletons 13.2.10 Mummified remains 13.3 Animal bones from TT99 13.3.1 Shafts H and I 13.3.2 NISP and MNI 13.3.3 Modification of the bones 13.3.4 Conclusions Line plates Colour plates INDEXES Annotation "Senneferi was the chancellor of the king in Thebes (modern Luxor) in the reign of Thutmose III (c. 1430 BC). His large but badly damaged tomb lies in the hill of Sheikh Abdel Qurna on the West Bank at Luxor. This first of two volumes focuses on the use of the tomb complex during the New Kingdom, especially the 18th dynasty (c. 1550-1300 BC). It begins with an account of Senneferi himself, looking at his career, his family and other monuments made in his name as far apart as Gebel Silsila in southern Egypt and the Sinai peninsula. The central section deals with the development of the layout of the tomb during this period and its recent exploration, including a detailed reconstruction of its history from 1430 BC to the 20th century AD. The remaining chapters detail the decoration and finds from the excavations, including a painted statue of Senneferi's son-in-law and a unique set of implements from the Opening of the Mouth ritual, as well as possibly the largest ceramic assemblage yet known in a tomb of this date. This book presents the results of the detailed analysis of what at first sight appear to be unpromising finds and reveals new insights into burial practices at the height of the 18th dynasty."--Back cover