The Theory of Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities: Information-Decision-Choice Foundations of the Unity of Knowing and the Unity of Science (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 405)

This book is concerned with the development of the understanding of the relational structures of information, knowledge, decision–choice processes of problems and solutions in the theory and practice regarding diversity and unity principles of knowing, science, non-science, and information–knowledge systems through dualistic-polar conditions of variety existence and nonexistence. It is a continuation of the sequence of my epistemic works on the theories on fuzzy rationality, info-statics, info-dynamics, entropy , and their relational connectivity to information, language, knowing, knowledge, cognitive practices relative to variety identification–problem–solution dualities, variety transformation–problem–solution dualities , and variety certainty–uncertainty principle in all areas of knowing and human actions regarding general social transformations. It is also an economic–theoretic approach in understanding the diversity and unity of knowing and science through neuro-decision–choice actions over the space of problem–solution dualities and polarities. The problem–solution dualities are argued to connect all areas of knowing including science and non-science, social science, and non-social-science into unity with diversities under neuro-decision–choice actions to support human existence and nonexistence over the space of static–dynamic dualities. The concepts of diversity and unity are defined and explicated to connect to the tactics and strategies of decision–choice actions over the space of problem–solution dualities. The concepts of problem and solution are defined and explicated not in the space of absoluteness but rather in the space of relativity based on real cost–benefit conditions which are shown to be connected to the general parent–offspring infinite process, where every solution generates new problem(s) which then generates a search for new solutions within the space of minimum–maximum dualities in the decision–choice space under the principle of non-satiation over the space of preference–non-preference dualities with analytical tools drawn from the fuzzy paradigm of thought which connects the conditions of the principle of opposites to the conditions of neuro-decision–choice actions in the zone of variety identifications and transformations. The Monograph would be useful to all areas of Research, Learning and Teaching at Advanced Stages of Knowing and Knowledge Production. Preface The Monograph The Organization of the Monograph and the Chapter Summaries Contents Preamble Some Notes on the Preamble in Relation to Dualistic-Polar Conditions in the Knowing and the Information-Knowledge Process References Prologue: Epistemics of Past-Present Research Directions on Information-Knowledge Systems I. Introductory Reflections II. The Methodological Toolbox Definition IIA: Methodology and Methodological Toolbox Definition IIB: Analytics and Analytical Toolbox II A: There are Two Organic Paradigms of Thought of Interest III: The Principle of Opposites, Neuro-Decision-Choice-Action and Knowing IV. The Problem-Solution Dualities and Polarities V. Paradigms of Thought in Knowing and Decision-Choice Actions VI. Information Structures and Paradigms of Thought VII. Decision-Choice Activities, Certainty-Uncertainty Duality and Problem-Solution Duality and Polarity VIII: The Asantrofi-Anoma Problem and Cost-Benefit Analysis Over the Space of Problem-Solution Dualities IX: The Principle of Opposites and the Concept of Relativity Proposition I: Internal Characteristic Disposition Proposition II: Identification-Transformation Condition X: Possibility, Imagination, Reality, Possible Worlds, Creativity and Anomalies in Knowing and the Knowledge Production System References Acknowledgements A Proposal Statement of Aims and Rationale behind the Monograph The General Reflections About the Monograph The Synopses Organization of the Monograph About the Author 1 The Theory of Knowing and the Theory of Knowledge: Comparative Analytics 1.1 Introduction to Knowing and Knowledge 1.2 Some Epistemic Questions on Knowing and Knowledge 1.3 Knowing and Knowledge in Theory and Practice 2 The Knowledge Square, Knowing and Knowledge Production: Conceptual Pathway Analytics 2.1 Pathway Analytics and Logical Connectivity 2.1.1 The Pathway Analytics and Paremiology of Geometries 2.2 Introduction to Knowledge Square as the Pathway Analytics 2.3 The Concept of Cognitive Search Activities in an Epistemic Abstract 2.3.1 The Concepts of Epistemology and Ontology in a Cognitive Search Over the Spaces of the Problem–Solution Dualities and Polarities 2.4 The Spaces of Relativity and Absoluteness in Knowing, Knowledge and Decision 2.5 Useful Dualistic-Polar Spaces for Knowing and Knowledge Stock-Flow Dynamics 3 The Theory of Epistemic Spaces for the Diversity and the Unity of Knowing and Science 3.1 An Introduction to the Concept of Epistemic Space 3.2 The Concept of Cognitive Search Activities in Analytical Spaces 3.3 The Concepts of Epistemological and Ontological Spaces in Cognitive Search for Knowing, Information and Knowledge 3.3.1 Defining the Characteristics of the Epistemological and Ontological Space 3.3.2 The Epistemological Space and Cognitive Search Over the Ontological Space 3.4 Algebraic Conceptions of the Ontological Space in Cognitive Search 3.4.1 Properties of the Ontological Space and Ontological Information 3.5 The Epistemological Space, Cognitive Search and Connectivity to the Ontological Space 3.5.1 Symbolic Representation of the Epistemological Space 3.5.2 Algebraic Conceptions of the Epistemological Space in the Cognitive Search 3.6 The Principle of Opposites and the Variety Space 3.6.1 The Principle of Opposites and Neuro-Decision-Choice Activities 3.6.2 Connectivity Within the Space of Epistemological-Ontological Dualities 4 The Theory of Relational Problem-Solution Dualities, The Unity of Knowing, The Unity of Science and the Diversity in Knowledge 4.1 Introductory Reflections on Duality 4.2 Primary and Derived Spaces and Information Structures 4.2.1 Reflections on Problems, Solutions, Problem-Solution Dualities in Knowing 4.2.2 The First Principle, Information-Knowledge Structures and the Problem-Solution Processes 4.2.3 Philosophical Consciencism, National Personality and the Problem-Solution Processes 4.2.4 The Importance of Social Philosophical Consciencism and the First Principle of Knowing and Intellectual Stock-Flow Dynamics 4.2.5 Social Philosophical Consciencism, Information Manipulation, and Neuro-Decision-Choice Actions 4.3 The Ontological Space of Problem-Solution Dualities 4.3.1 Ontological Information-Creation System and Information-Processing Systems 4.3.2 Ontological Information, Telescopic Present, Telescopic Past and Telescopic Future 5 The Epistemological Space of Problem–Solution Dualities, Unity of Knowing, Unity of Science and Diversity in Knowledge 5.1 Inroduction to the Epistemological Space 5.2 The Epistemological Space of Problem–Solution Dualities 5.2.1 Epistemological Information-Creation Systems and Information-Processing Systems 5.2.2 The Problem, Problem Space, Solution and the Solution Space 5.3 The Goals, Objectives and the Goal-Objective Space for Decision-Choice Actions 5.4 Criterion Space, Decision-Choice Space and the Action Space 5.4.1 The Criterion and the Criterion Space 5.5 The Problem–Solution Duality, the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities and the Criteria 5.5.1 Definitions of the Concepts and Phenomena of Problem and Solution Duals 5.5.2 The Basic Characteristics of the Space of the Problem–Solution Dualities 5.5.3 Reflections on the Basic Characteristics of Problem–Solution Duality 5.5.4 Solutions, Solution Space and the Space of Decision-Choice Actions 5.5.5 Reflections on Decision-Choice Dependent Definitions 6 The Theory of Categorial Conversion and the Problem-Solution Dualities in Knowing and Knowledge 6.1 Introduction to the Concept of Categorial Conversion 6.2 Problem–Solution Duality and the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities 6.2.1 Variety Analytics, Categorial Analytics, Fuzzy Decomposition, Fuzzy-Statistical Decomposition, Epistemic Unity and Internal and External Dualities in Knowing 6.2.2 Reflections on the Paradox and Unintended Outcome of Decision-Choice Action 6.2.3 Internal Duality and External Duality in the Space of Problem–Solution Dualities 6.2.4 Internal Duality, External Duality and Ignorance-Knowledge Polarity 6.3 Categorial Conversion and Problem–Solution Dualities 6.3.1 Categorial Conversion in the Logic of Problem–Solution Transformations Within the Theories of Knowing, Science, Non-science and Mathematics 6.3.2 The Categorial Convertors and the Problem–Solution Dualities 6.4 The Problem–solution Sequential Structure Over the Space of Problem–solution Dualities Under Categorial Conversions 6.4.1 The Problem–Solution Sequential Structure 6.4.2 Paradigms of Thought and the Problem–Solution Sequential Structure 6.5 Human Life, Decision-Choice Actions, Problem–Solution Dualities and Social Change 7 The Theory of Relational Problem–Solution Polarities, Diversity and the Unity of Knowing and Science 7.1 Relational Introduction 7.2 The Principle of Opposites, Polarity, Problem–Solution Polarities and the Problem–Solution Dualities 7.2.1 Representation Analytics of the Principle of Opposites Under Polarity 7.2.2 External Problem–Solution Duality and the Space of Polarities 7.3 Knowing, Problem–solution Polarity and Cost–benefit-Analysis 7.3.1 Cost–Benefit Analytics, Dualistic-Polar Analytics and Problem-Solution Analytics 7.3.2 Paremiologically Geometric Analytics of Dualistic-Polar Relational Connectivity 7.4 The Categorial Conversion Process and Categorial Analytics 7.4.1 The Categorial Conversion Process and the Problem–Solution Dynamics 7.4.2 Necessity-Freedom Analytics and the Categorial Conversion Process Epilogue The Epistemic Directions of Future Research on Problem–Solution Dualities and Polarities Concluding Reflections A Note on Institutions and the Organization of Knowing Production-Consumption and Input–Output Processes of an Information-Knowledge System A Prelude to the Theory of Neuro-Decision-Choice Systems Imagination, Reality, Belief and the Space of Imagination-Reality Dualities Methodology, Information and Problem–Solution Dualities References Index