The Theological Vision of Reinhold Niebuhr's "Irony of American History": "In the Battle and Above It" (Oxford Theology and Religion Monographs)

Reinhold Niebuhr remains at the center of a national conversation about America's role in the world, and commentators with divergent political and religious positions draw upon his 1951 work, The Irony of American History, in support of their views. In this study Scott R. Erwin argues that an appreciation of Niebuhr's theological vision is necessary for understanding the full measure of Irony . An appreciation of Niebuhr's theology is important because the majority of individuals reading Irony today fail to acknowledge the central role that his Christian beliefs played in its formulation. Niebuhr described his theological vision as being "in the battle and above it," and, in more extensive terms, explained it to be a "combination of moral resoluteness about the immediate issues with a religious awareness of another dimension of meaning and judgment." It was this perspective that led Niebuhr, in Irony, to assert that America must both take "morally hazardous action" in combating the aggression of the Soviet Union and engage in critical self-evaluation to prevent the country from assuming the most odious traits of its Cold War foe. Niebuhr developed this theological vision over the course of the 1930s and 1940s through engagement with Christian doctrine, as most readily seen in his academic works such as The Nature and Destiny of Man , and engagement with current history, as seen in his many journalistic writings during this period. By focusing primarily on Niebuhr's writings between 1931 and 1951, Erwin traces the development of his Christian interpretation of human nature and history, establishes how it informed his theological vision, and reveals how that theological vision underlay his writings on current affairs. Such excavation is necessary given the fact that Niebuhr became less explicit about the theological nature of his later writings. Indeed, rather than clearly advance his theological vision in Irony, Niebuhr chose to communicate it implicitly through the historical figure of Abraham Lincoln. In multiple writings over the course of his career, Niebuhr referred to the sixteenth president as both America's greatest statesman and theologian and ultimately portrayed him as the personification of his own religious beliefs. Erwin demonstrates that the study of both Niebuhr's theological vision and his application of this vision throughout his life is instructive as the contemporary generation engages with global problems. Reinhold Niebuhr remains at the center of a national conversation about Americas role in the world, and commentators with divergent political and religious positions look to his 1952 work, The Irony of American History, in support of their views. In this study, Scott R. Erwin argues that an appreciation of Niebuhrs theological vision is necessary for understanding the full measure of Irony and his perspective on life more broadly. Such a study is important because many individuals reading Irony today fail to acknowledge the central role that his Christian beliefs played in his writings. Niebuhr described his theological vision as being in the battle and above it, and it was this perspective that led Niebuhr, in Irony, to assert that America must both take morally hazardous action in combating the aggression of the Soviet Union and engage in critical self-evaluation to prevent the country from assuming the most odious traits of its Cold War foe. Niebuhr developed his theological vision over the course of the 1930s and 1940s through engagement with Christian doctrine, as most readily seen in his academic works such as The Nature and Destiny of Man, and with current events, as seen in his many journalistic writings during this period. By focusing primarily on Niebuhrs writings between 1931 and 1952, Erwin traces the development of his Christian interpretation of human nature and history, establishes how it informed his theological vision, and reveals how that theological vision underlies his writings on current affairs. Cover Contents Acknowledgments Introduction 1. From Tragedy to Beyond Tragedy: The Development of Niebuhr’s Christian Understanding of History Political Cynicism and a Tragic View of History Paul Tillich and the Category of Myth The Cross and a Viewpoint Beyond Tragedy 2. “In the Battle and Above It”: Niebuhr’s Nature and Destiny of Man and World War II The Gathering Storm Human Nature Christianity and Crisis In the Battle and Above It Human Destiny 3. Discerning the Signs of the Times: The Relevance of Niebuhr’s Theological Vision to the Cold War Illusions of History and the Signs of the Times Christian Hope and the Pinnacle of the Faith Korea, Nuclear Arms, and Delusions of Vainglory 4. The Irony of The Irony of American History Niebuhr and Barth: The “Super-Theologians” Meet The Irony of American History Where is the Theology? Lincoln as “America’s Greatest Theologian” Conclusion Bibliography Index A B C D E F G H J K L M N O P R S T U W Reinhold Niebuhr remains a reference point in an ongoing national conversation about America's role in the world. Commentators with divergent political and religious views draw upon his 1951 work, 'The Irony of American History'. In this book Scott R. Erwin brings an appreciation of Niebuhr's theological vision to aid understanding of Irony.