The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease : From Host Defense and Allergy to Metabolic Homeostasis and Beyond

The type 2 immune response that develops during infectious disease has undergone major paradigm shifts in the last several years as new cell types and pathways have been identified.℗ℓ It is now clear that the type 2 immune response, characterized by elevations in specific cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, is associated with helminth infections in both humans and mice.℗ℓ This response is complex and includes effector functions that mediate resistance, contributing to expulsion, and in some cases destruction, of the parasite.℗ℓ But just as importantly, the type 2 immune response can also mediate tolerance mechanisms, which can mitigate tissue injury as these large multicellular parasites transit through vital organs.℗ℓ The tolerance mechanisms include both tissue repair and immune regulatory effects. These latter aspects of the helminth-induced type 2 immune response are increasingly recognized as a potential resource that can be mined for the development of novel immunotherapies that may enhance wound healing, control of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.℗ℓ In this book, leading researchers in this exciting and dynamic field discuss the latest findings and emerging concepts, providing an intellectual framework that can be used as a basis for new discoveries and potentially new treatments for diseases associated with inflammation The type 2 immune response that develops during infectious disease has undergone major paradigm shifts in the last several years as new cell types and pathways have been identified.℗l It is now clear that the type 2 immune response, characterized by elevations in specific cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, is associated with helminth infections in both humans and mice.℗l This response is complex and includes effector functions that mediate resistance, contributing to expulsion, and in some cases destruction, of the parasite.℗l But just as importantly, the type 2 immune response can also mediate tolerance mechanisms, which can mitigate tissue injury as these large multicellular parasites transit through vital organs.℗l The tolerance mechanisms include both tissue repair and immune regulatory effects. These latter aspects of the helminth-induced type 2 immune response are increasingly recognized as a potential resource that can be mined for the development of novel immunotherapies that may enhance wound healing, control of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.℗l In this book, leading researchers in this exciting and dynamic field discuss the latest findings and emerging concepts, providing an intellectual framework that can be used as a basis for new discoveries and potentially new treatments for diseases associated with inflammation Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Regulation and Function of Basophil, Eosinophil, and Mast Cell Responses....Pages 1-12 Innate Lymphoid Cells: An Emerging Population in Type 2 Inflammation....Pages 13-31 Dendritic Cells and Type 2 Inflammation....Pages 33-51 Th2 Cell Responses in Immunity and Inflammation Following Helminth Infection....Pages 53-72 Regulatory T-Cell Control of Type 2 Inflammation....Pages 73-95 Developments in the Design of Anti-helminth Vaccines....Pages 97-114 Tissue Remodeling and Repair During Type 2 Inflammation....Pages 115-130 Immune Response to Helminth Infections and Its Role in Treatment for Autoimmune Disorders....Pages 131-154 Type 2 Immunity and Metabolism....Pages 155-169 Back Matter....Pages 171-172