The Statesman's Yearbook 2024 : The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World

Now in its 159th edition, The Statesman's Yearbook continues to be the reference work of choice for accurate and reliable information on every country in the world. Covering political, economic, social and cultural aspects, the Yearbook is also available online for subscribing institutions. World Population Developments Largest Urban Agglomerations Key World Facts Chronology April 2022 - March 2023 Week beginning 03 April 2022 Week beginning 10 April 2022 Week beginning 17 April 2022 Week beginning 24 April 2022 Week beginning 1 May 2022 Week beginning 8 May 2022 Week beginning 15 May 2022 Week beginning 22 May 2022 Week beginning 29 May 2022 Week beginning 5 June 2022 Week beginning 12 June 2022 Week beginning 19 June 2022 Week beginning 26 June 2022 Week beginning 3 July 2022 Week beginning 10 July 2022 Week beginning 17 July 2022 Week beginning 24 July 2022 Week beginning 31 July 2022 Week beginning 7 August 2022 Week beginning 14 August 2022 Week beginning 21 August 2022 Week beginning 28 August 2022 Week beginning 4 September 2022 Week beginning 11 September 2022 Week beginning 18 September 2022 Week beginning 25 September 2022 Week beginning 2 October 2022 Week beginning 9 October 2022 Week beginning 16 October 2022 Week beginning 23 October 2022 Week beginning 30 October 2022 Week beginning 6 November 2022 Week beginning 13 November 2022 Week beginning 20 November 2022 Week beginning 27 November 2022 Week beginning 4 December 2022 Week beginning 11 December 2022 Week beginning 18 December 2022 Week beginning 25 December 2022 Week beginning 1 January 2023 Week beginning 8 January 2023 Week beginning 15 January 2023 Week beginning 22 January 2023 Week beginning 29 January 2023 Week beginning 5 February 2023 Week beginning 12 February 2023 Week beginning 19 February 2023 Week beginning 26 February 2023 Week beginning 5 March 2023 Week beginning 12 March 2023 Week beginning 19 March 2023 Week beginning 26 March 2023 Contents Part I: International Organizations Key Global Organizations United Nations (UN) 1. The General Assembly 2. The Security Council 3. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 4. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 5. The Secretariat Current Leaders Member States of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble United Nations System Specialized Agencies of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) - The World Bank Current Leaders International Development Association (IDA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) Current Leaders International Telecommunication Union (ITU) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Health Organization (WHO) Current Leaders World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Other Organs Related to the UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Organization for Migration (IOM) Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) World Trade Organization (WTO) UN Conventions Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Further Reading United Nations (UN) Specialized Agencies of the UN International Monetary Fund (IMF) Other Organs Related to the UN Europe European Union (EU) EU Institutions European Commission Current Leaders Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers) The European Council Current Leaders European Parliament Court of Justice of the European Union European Court of Auditors European Central Bank Other EU Structures European Investment Bank (EIB) European Data Protection Supervisor European Ombudsman Main EU Agencies Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) Central European Initiative (CEI) CERN - The European Organization for Nuclear Research Council of Europe Council of the Baltic Sea States Danube Commission European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) European Broadcasting Union (EBU) European Free Trade Association (EFTA) European Space Agency (ESA) European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) Nordic Council Nordic Development Fund (NDF) Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) Organization for Security and Co-Operation In Europe (OSCE) Further Reading Main EU Agencies Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Other Organizations Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) Amnesty International (AI) Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Commonwealth Member States of the Commonwealth Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) International Air Transport Association (IATA) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) International Criminal Court (ICC) International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) International Olympic Committee (ioc) International Organisation of La Francophonie International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Road Federation (IRF) International Seabed Authority (ISA) International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization) Islamic Development Bank Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) Nobel Prizes Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Current Leaders Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) World Council of Churches World Customs Organization World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) Further Reading Amnesty International (AI) Commonwealth Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) International Criminal Court (ICC) INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) World Council of Churches Africa African Development Bank African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) African Union (AU) Bank of Central African States (BEAC) Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) East African Community (EAC) East African Development Bank (EADB) Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Intergovernmental Authority on Development Lake Chad Basin Commission Niger Basin Authority Southern African Customs Union (SACU) Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) West African Development Bank (BOAD) West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) Further Reading African Union (AU) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Americas Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL) Andean Community Association of Caribbean States (ACS) Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) Central American Integration System (SICA) Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Latin American and Carribean Economic System (SELA) Latin American Integration Association (ALADI/LAIA) Latin American Reserve Fund Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Organization of American States (OAS) Pacific Alliance Secretariat for Central American Economic Integration (SIECA) Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) Further Reading Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Asia/Pacific Asian Development Bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Colombo Plan Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States (Turkic Council) Economic Co-operation Organization (ECO) Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) Further Reading Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Middle East Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (AOAD) Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) League of Arab States Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) OPEC Fund for International Development Further Reading Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) League of Arab States Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Environmental Organizations Friends of the Earth International Global Environment Facility (GEF) Greenpeace International World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Treaties Antarctic Treaty Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Further Reading Antarctic Treaty Leading Think Tanks African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) American Enterprise Institute (for Public Policy Research) Asian Development Bank Institute Atlantic Council Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) Brookings Institution Bruegel Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie Middle East Center Carnegie European Center Carnegie China Center Carnegie India Center Cato Institute Center for American Progress Center for Strategic and International Studies Centre for Economic Policy Research Centre for European Policy Studies Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) Centre for Social and Economic Research (CASE) Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs) China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI) Council on Foreign Relations Danish Institute for International Studies European Council on Foreign Relations Fraser Institute French Institute of International Relations (IFRI) Friedrich Ebert Foundation (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; FES) Fundação Getulio Vargas German Development Institute (DIE) German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik; SWP) Heritage Foundation Human Rights Watch Manohar Parikkar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA) Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Institute of World Economy and International Relations Instituto Affari Internazionali International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) Konrad Adenauer Foundation (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung) Korea Development Institute (KDI) Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Netherlands Institute of International Relations `Clingendael ́ Observer Research Foundation (ORF) Peterson Institute for International Economics RAND Corporation Razumkov Centre Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Transparency International Urban Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Part II: Countries of the World A-Z Afghanistan Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Defence Army Air Force International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Calendar Further Reading Albania Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leader Bajram Begaj Defence Army Navy Air Force International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Culture World Heritage Sites Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Algeria Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Ayman Benabderrahmane Defence Army Navy Air Force International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Andorra Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Xavier Espot Zamora International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Agriculture Forestry Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Further Reading Angola Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders João Lourenço Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Antigua and Barbuda Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Gaston Browne Defence Army Navy Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Press Tourism Festivals World Heritage Sites Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Argentina Key Historical Events Independence Perón Falklands War Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Alberto Fernndez Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Armenia Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Vahagn Garniki Khachaturyan Nikol Pashinyan Defence Army International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Australia Key Historical Events Trade and Prosperity Social and Constitutional Reform Post-War Recovery Free Market Politics Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government State Government Administration of Territories National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections House of Representatives Senate Current Government Current Leaders Anthony Norman Albanese Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice High Court Other Federal Courts State Courts Industrial Tribunals Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Australian Territories and States Australian Capital Territory Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Agriculture Forestry Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Northern Territory Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism New South Wales Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Queensland Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism South Australia Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Tasmania Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Victoria Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Oil and Gas Brown Coal Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Western Australia Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government Recent Elections Current Government Economy Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Tourism Australian External Territories Ashmore and Cartier Islands Australian Antarctic Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Coral Sea Islands Heard and Mcdonald Islands Norfolk Island Further Reading Australia Australian territories and states Northern Territory New South Wales Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia Austria Key Historical Events Holy Roman Empire Enlightened Despotism German Alliance Nazism Post-War Period Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections European Parliament Current Government Current Leaders Alexander Van der Bellen Karl Nehammer Defence Army Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Trade Fairs Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Azerbaijan Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Ilham Aliyev Ali Asadov Defence Army Navy Air Force International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Artsakh Nakhichevan Further Reading Azerbaijan The Bahamas Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Philip Davis Defence Navy Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Bahrain Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders HH Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Water Minerals Agriculture Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Bangladesh Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Sheikh Hasina Wajed Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Barbados Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Sandra Mason Mia Mottley Defence Army Navy Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Belarus Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Alyaksandr Rygorovich Lukashenka Defence Army Air Force International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Belgium Key Historical Events Trade Centres War of Succession Towards Independence The Congo European Union Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections European Parliament Current Government Current Leaders Alexander De Croo Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Welfare Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Belize Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Juan Antonio Briceño Defence International Relations Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Benin Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Patrice Talon Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture World Heritage Sites Press Tourism Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Bhutan Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Lotay Tshering Defence Army Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Minerals Agriculture Forestry Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Telecommunications Social Institutions Justice Education Health Religion Culture Press Tourism Festivals Diplomatic Representation Further Reading Bolivia Key Historical Events Territory and Population Social Statistics Climate Constitution and Government National Anthem Government Chronology Recent Elections Current Government Current Leaders Luis Arce Position Introduction Early Life Career in Office Defence Army Navy Air Force Economy Overview Currency Budget Performance Banking and Finance Energy and Natural Resources Environment Electricity Oil and Gas Minerals Agriculture Forestry Fisheries Industry Labour International Trade Imports and Exports Communications Roads Rail Civil Aviation Shipping Telecommunications Social Institutions