The Socio-Economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom

The Socio-economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom is an insightful and critical study of the social, economic and administrative structure of the Urartian civilisation of eastern Anatolia, Armenia and north-west Iran in the 9th-6th centuries BC. Contents Acknowledgments List of Figures List of Tables List of Maps Abbreviations Chapter 1 A Critical Review of the Material 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Methodology and the Structure of the Book 1.3 Topography, Hydrology, Climate and Ecology 1.4 The Source Material 1.4.1 Archaeological Data 1.4.2 Urartian Texts 1.4.3 Assyrian Texts 1.4.4 Ethnographic Observations Chapter 2 Control of Capital in Urartu: Economic Resources and Movement of Commodities 2.1 Agricultural Activities 2.1.1 Introduction 2.1.2 Irrigation 2.1.2.1 Geography and Hydrology of the Urartian Territory 2.1.2.2 Archaeological Evidence 2.1.2.3 Textual Evidence 2.1.3 Contemporary Agriculture 2.1.4 Agricultural Areas 2.1.5 Arable Crops 2.1.6 Textual Evidence of Urartian and Assyrian 2.1.7 Storage Facilities 2.1.7.1 ʼari (Granaries) and Measurement Units of kapi and BANEŠ 2.1.7.2 Storage Facilities with pithoi and Measurement Units of aqarqi, ṭerusi and LIŠ 2.1.8 Conclusion 2.2 Animal Husbandry 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Contemporary Animal Husbandry 2.2.3 Urartian and Assyrian Textual Evidence for Animal Husbandry 2.2.4 Archaeological Evidence 2.2.5 The Role of Animals in Urartian Religion 2.2.6 Conclusion 2.3 Metallurgy 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Textual Evidence for Ore Deposits of the Urartian Territory 2.3.3 Metal Workshops 2.3.4 The Role of Metallurgy in Urartu 2.3.4.1 Iron 2.3.4.2 Bronze 2.3.4.3 Silver and Gold 2.3.5 Conclusion 2.4 Trade 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 North-South Frontiers and Trade Routes 2.4.3 Archaeological Evidence 2.4.4 Conclusion 2.5 Crafts 2.5.1 Introduction 2.5.2 Textiles 2.5.3 Carpentry 2.5.4 Pottery 2.5.5 Conclusion Chapter 3 Economic and Administrative Structure of the Urartian Kingdom 3.1 Administrative Divisions 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 The Capital Ṭušpa 3.1.3 Provincial Administration 3.1.3.1 LÚEN.NAM (Provincial Governor) 3.1.3.2 Provinces or Major Citadels 3.1.4 Conclusion 3.2 Building Activities of the Monarch 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 URU (City?) 3.2.3 É.GAL (Fortress) 3.2.4 Cultic Structures (KÁ / Šeištili, susi and É.BÁRA) 3.2.5 Other Buildings 3.2.6 Conclusion 3.3 The Army 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Urartian Gods and Their Role in the Army 3.3.3 The Division of the Army Units 3.3.3.1 GIŠGIGIRMEŠ (Chariotry) 3.3.3.2 PITḪALLUMEŠ (Cavalry) 3.3.3.3 LÚÉRINMEŠ (Infantry) 3.3.4 The Size and Structure of the Army 3.3.5 LÚturtānu (Commander-in-Chief ) 3.3.6 The King as a Commander-in-Chief 3.3.7 ConclusionOverall, the division 3.4 The Spoils of War 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Booty 3.4.3 Distribution of Booty 3.4.4 Aims and Objectives of Deportation 3.4.5 Tribute 3.4.6 Conclusion 3.5 The Monarchy 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 The Monarch and Ḫaldi 3.5.3 The Monarch and the Royal Succession 3.5.4 Royal Titles 3.5.5 The King’s Officials 3.5.5.1 LÚaṣuli 3.5.5.2 The Personnel of Rusaḫinili KURQilbanikai 3.5.5.3 Other Officials 3.5.6 The King as an Administrator 3.5.7 Conclusion Conclusion Appendix 1 The Kingship of Rusa Son of Erimena and Rusa Son of Argišti Appendix 2 Urartian Kings and Chronology Bibliography Index In The Socio-economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom, Ali Çifçi presents a detailed study of the life of the highland communities of eastern Anatolia, Armenia and north-west Iran between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. In doing so, the author uses archaeological excavations, surveys, and textual evidence from both Urartian and Assyrian sources, as well as original ethnographic observations, within the context of the geographical setting of the Urartu Kingdom. This book investigates various aspects of the Urartian Kingdom from its economic resources and the movement of commodities (agriculture, animal husbandry, metallurgy, trade, etc.) to the management of those resources and the administrative organisation of the state. This includes the Urartian concept of kingship and the king's role in administration, construction, the division of the kingdom, as well as the income generated by warfare.'There are several key philological and archaeological works that propel the field of Urartian studies and provide dialogue partners for Urartologists and historians of Anatolia and the ancient Near East...Ali Çifçi's The Socio-Economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom can be included as a partner in dialogue when researching Urartu and Iron Age Anatolian archaeology...'Selim Ferruh Adalı, Social Sciences University of Ankara, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2018.07.22. In The Socio-economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom, Ali ©јif©ʹi presents a detailed study of the life of the highland communities of eastern Anatolia, Armenia and north-west Iran between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. In doing so, the author uses archaeological excavations, surveys, and textual evidence from both Urartian and Assyrian sources, as well as original ethnographic observations, within the context of the geographical setting of the Urartu Kingdom. The book investigates various aspects of the Urartian Kingdom from its economic resources and the movement of commodities (agriculture, animal husbandry, metallurgy, trade, etc.) to the management of those resources and the administrative organisation of the state. This includes the Urartian concept of kingship and the king's role in administration, construction, the division of the kingdom, as well as the income generated by warfare In The Socio-economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom, Ali Çifçi presents a detailed study of the life of the highland communities of eastern Anatolia, Armenia and north-west Iran between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. In doing so, the author uses archaeological excavations, surveys, and textual evidence from both Urartian and Assyrian sources, as well as original ethnographic observations, within the context of the geographical setting of the Urartu Kingdom. The book investigates various aspects of the Urartian Kingdom from its economic resources and the movement of commodities (agriculture, animal husbandry, metallurgy, trade, etc.) to the management of those resources and the administrative organisation of the state. This includes the Urartian concept of kingship and the king's role in administration, construction, the division of the kingdom, as well as the income generated by warfare __The Socio-economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom__