The Social Outburst and Political Representation in Chile (Latin American Societies)

"This is the first book in English to present a comprehensive analysis of the October 2019 social outbreak in Chile and its consequences for the country's political system. For almost 30 years (1990-2019), Chile was recognized as a model of political and economic stability in Latin America, but the 2019 protests put into question the whole structure of representation based on programmatic political parties. This contributed volume analyzes the causes of the social outbreak by examining the interaction between political parties and social movements in Chile since 2000, establishing bridges between the sociology of social movements and the political science of parties and forms of traditional political representation. The book is organized in three parts. The first part analyzes the collapse of the political party system in Chile. The second part shows how social movements introduced innovative forms of political mobilization that challenged the traditional forms of political representation. Finally, the third part presents case studies focusing on specific social movements and their contributions to the renewal of political representation in Chile. The Social Outburst and Political Representation in Chile will be a valuable resource for sociologists, political scientists and other social scientists interested in understanding the challenges posed to political parties and institutions by social movements formed by citizens who no longer see themselves represented by the traditional forms political participation."--Back cover Contents Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction: Social Outbreak and Political Representation in Latin America 1.1 Theories of Representation and the Place of Parties References Part I: The Collapse of the Political Party System in Chile Chapter 2: Party System Crisis: The Exhaustion of Chile’s Spine 2.1 Parties in the “Old Democracy” (1925–1973) 2.1.1 Features of the Party System Between 1960 and 1973 2.2 The Party System Under the Authoritarian Regime 2.2.1 Changes in the Party System 2.3 The Party System After the Return to Democracy (1990–2020) 2.4 The Changes in the Party System (2010–2020) 2.5 The Party System After October 2019 References Chapter 3: Opportunities and Constraints of a Stagnate System. A Time of Representation Crisis or Political Innovation? 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Theory 3.3 Data and Methodology 3.4 Analysis 3.5 Conclusions References Part II: The Moment of the Street: Mobilization and Political Representation from the Social Movements Chapter 4: Political Parties and Social Movements in Post-transition Chile: Between Mistrust and Reconfiguration 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Interaction Between Social Movements and Institutional Politics: Between Autonomy and Reconfiguration 4.3 The Relation Between Social Movements and Institutional Political Actors in Post-transitional Chile 4.3.1 The Relation Between Social Movements and Institutional Actors Post 2011 4.4 Data and Methods 4.4.1 Variables 4.5 Empirical Evidence 4.6 Conclusions References Chapter 5: Please Mind the Gap: Autonomization and Street Politics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Autonomization and Detachment from Political Parties 5.3 Understanding Chilean October 5.4 Street Politics Since the Outburst 5.5 Conclusion References Part III: Case Studies Chapter 6: Indigenous Movements in Chile: Toward Self-Determination or Recognition? 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Indigenous Movements, their Demands and Strategies 6.2.1 Elements to Understand the Emergence of Indigenous Movements 6.2.2 Indigenous Movements in Latin America 6.2.3 Indigenous Movements in Chile 6.3 The Current Demands of Indigenous Movements in Chile 6.4 Conclusions References Chapter 7: Collective Action and Political Strategy of the University Movement: From the Struggle for Education to the Social Outbreak in Chile 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Social Movement: Theoretical Synthesis and Political Strategy 7.3 From Crisis to Rearticulation of the Student Movement in the Transitional Context 7.4 The Students’ Offensive for Public, Free, and Quality Education 7.5 The Feminist Student Movement in 2018 7.6 The Student Movement in the Social Outbreak 7.7 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Feminist Movements and the Social Outburst in Chile: The Time of Women? 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Feminist Movements During the Twentieth Century: Waves and Silences, Visibility, and Latency 8.3 Social Movements, from the Post-dictatorship Period to the 2018 Feminist May: Women, Sexual, and Gender Diversity 8.4 From the 2018 Feminist May to the October 2019 Social Outburst 8.5 From the Feminist Movements to the Constitutional Debate 8.6 Conclusion References Chapter 9: The Decade of Contentious Politics: The Rise of Social Movements Around Water in Post-transitional Chile 9.1 Introduction: A Decade Marked by Growing Water Resource Demands in a ‘Megadrought’ Context 9.2 The Fight for Water Rights in Chile Since the Democratic Transition 9.2.1 Institutionalization of Rights: The 1981 Código de Aguas 9.3 Social Movements and Territorial Contentious Processes around Natural Resources 9.3.1 Social Movements, Local Demands and Political Opportunities 9.3.2 Territory and Power 9.4 Decentralizing Reforms and Nationalization of Politics at a Subnational Level 9.5 Process and Situation: The Interrelationship Between Actors and the Institutional Response 9.5.1 Legislative Process 9.5.2 Situation 9.6 The Case of Petorca (Valparaiso Region) 9.7 Conclusions References Chapter 10: From the Dance of Those Left Out to a New Constitution: Channeling the Chilean Social Unrest 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Background on Constitution-making Processes in Democracy 10.3 Social Mobilization as Pressure for the Constitution-making Process 10.4 Social Mobilization in Chile: The Constitution as Problem 10.5 Political Pact and Social Reaction: Citizen Pressure for Inclusion 10.6 Conclusions References Chapter 11: Conclusion: “We Didn’t See It Coming”: Chile’s 2019 Social Outburst 11.1 The Adaptive Reaction of the Party System in Post-transition Chile 11.2 The Disruptive Reaction of the Social Movements in Post-transition Chile 11.3 Elements of Continuity and Tension: The Constituent Process as an Institutional Exit, Human Rights Violations, and Indigenous Peoples References Index