The Sixteenth Century (Short Oxford History of Europe)

The sixteenth century witnessed some of the most abrupt and traumatic transformations ever seen in European society and culture. Population growth strained the old fabric of community and economic relations. New supplies of precious metals from east and west re-wrote the rules of finance and commerce. Politics was dominated first by the gladiatorial struggle of two great Renaissance monarchs, then by the bitter and bloody entanglement of religion and politics. Society became moredisciplined but also more fragmented. Yet this was also the age when the Renaissance became a European rather than just an Italian phenomenon, an age of art, architecture, and literature, of unprecedented reflection on the thinking person's role in government and civic life. It was the era of theReformation and Catholic reform, when the ideals and priorities of the life of faith were examined and reshaped in the light of new readings of Scripture. For the first time Europeans not only learned more about the world beyond their continent; they reached out and grasped huge new overseas empires.Six leading scholars in their respective fields have here contributed their insights into the challenging and tumultuous sixteenth century. The economy, politics, society, and secular and religious thought all receive careful thematic treatment and analysis. A detailed picture also emerges of how Europeans made and managed their overseas empires. The volume challenges, tests, and revises the received wisdom of past accounts in the light of the most modern scholarship. The diverse experiences ofregions of Europe often ignored, including the East and the Mediterranean, receive particular attention where their destinies were different from the more better-known experiences of France and Germany. Many clichés of textbook history, from the multiple 'revolutions' to the rise of thenation-states, emerge transformed from this account. This Volume In The Short Oxford History Of Europe Series Examines The Sixteenth Century--one Of The Most Tumultuous And Dramatic Periods Of Social And Cultural Transformation In European History. Six Leading Experts Consider This Period From Political, Social, Economic, Religious, And Intellectual Perspectives. The Book Includes Material On Regions Of Europe Often Ignored In Other General Histories Of The Period, Such As The East And The Mediterranean World. This Unique Text Challenges, Tests, And Revises The Received Wisdom Of Past Accounts In Light Of The Most Modern Historical Scholarship. Traditional Textbook History--from The Multiple Revolutions To The Rise Of The Nation-states--emerges Transformed From This Volume. - Publisher. Introduction / Euan Cameron : The Scene In 1500 ; Received Ideas About The Sixteenth Century ; Distinctive Themes Of This Book -- 1. The Economy / Tom Scott : Populations, Prices, And Wages ; Eastern Europe ; The Mediterranean Lands ; North-western Europe ; Conclusion -- 2. Politics And Warfare / Mark Greengrass : Unified Spaces ; Political Elites ; War And Finance ; Images Of Rule -- Society / Christopher F. Black : The Bonds Of Society ; Social Hierarchies: Peasants, Labourers, The Middling Sort, And Elites ; Towns And Cities ; Elites And Status ; Rural And Urban Society: Mobility ; Gender Relations ; The Poor And Social Control ; Fears And Tensions -- 4. The Mind / Charles G. Nauert : Northern Europe: Christian Humanism ; The Religious Programme Of Erasmus ; Classical Scholarship In Literature And Law ; The Search For The Esoteric ; Aristotle Revived And Challenged ; Where Aristotle Could Not Lead: Mathematics And Astronomy ; The Life Sciences ; Moral Philosophy ; Political Thought ; Challenges To Knowledge: Forms Of Scepticism ; Towards The Seventeenth Century -- 5. The Turmoil Of Faith / Euan Cameron : The Beliefs Of The Majority ; Shared Catholicism On The Eve Of The Reformation ; The 'luther-movement' ; Community And City Reformations In The Germanic World ; Peasants, Princes, And Monarchs ; The Refugee Paradigm ; Catholicism Chooses Its Path ; On The Margins Of The Confessions ; Conclusion -- 6. Europe And A World Expanded / D.a. Brading : Expanding Territories In The Sixteenth Century ; The Iberian Powers And The First Oceanic Explorations ; The Conquests Of Mexico And Peru ; The Church In New Spain: Ethical Responses To Conquest ; Establishing A Hispanic Society In The New World ; The Portuguese Empire ; Other European Powers ; Europeans In Africa ; The Society Of Jesus In The Wider World ; The Wider World In European Literature -- Conclusion And Commentary / Euan Cameron -- Chronology. Edited By Euan Cameron. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [209]-233) And Index. Contents......Page 8 List of Contributors......Page 11 The scene in 1500......Page 14 Received ideas about the sixteenth century......Page 21 Distinctive themes of this book......Page 22 1 The economy......Page 31 Populations, prices, and wages......Page 32 Eastern Europe......Page 37 The Mediterranean lands......Page 48 North-western Europe......Page 53 Conclusion......Page 64 2 Politics and warfare......Page 71 Unified spaces......Page 72 Political elites......Page 79 War and finance......Page 91 Images of rule......Page 97 3 Society......Page 102 The bonds of society......Page 104 Social hierarchies: peasants, labourers, the middling sort, and elites......Page 109 Towns and cities......Page 112 Elites and status......Page 114 Rural and urban society: mobility......Page 118 Gender relations......Page 120 The poor and social control......Page 124 Fears and tensions......Page 126 4 The mind......Page 129 Northern Europe: Christian humanism......Page 130 The religious programme of Erasmus......Page 132 Classical scholarship in literature and law......Page 135 The search for the esoteric......Page 136 Aristotle revived and challenged......Page 138 Where Aristotle could not lead: mathematics and astronomy......Page 140 The life sciences......Page 143 Moral philosophy......Page 145 Political thought......Page 147 Challenges to knowledge: forms of scepticism......Page 153 Towards the seventeenth century......Page 156 The beliefs of the majority......Page 158 Shared Catholicism on the eve of the Reformation......Page 162 The ‘Luther-Movement’......Page 165 Community and city reformations in the Germanic world......Page 168 Peasants, princes, and monarchs......Page 172 The refugee paradigm......Page 175 Catholicism chooses its path......Page 179 On the margins of the confessions......Page 183 Conclusion......Page 185 Expanding territories in the sixteenth century......Page 187 The Iberian powers and the first oceanic explorations......Page 189 The conquests of Mexico and Peru......Page 193 The Church in New Spain: ethical responses to conquest......Page 196 Establishing a hispanic society in the New World......Page 199 The Portuguese empire......Page 202 Other European powers......Page 207 Europeans in Africa......Page 208 The Society of Jesus in the wider world......Page 209 The wider world in European literature......Page 211 Conclusion and commentary......Page 213 Further reading......Page 222 Chronology......Page 247 Maps......Page 258 A......Page 270 B......Page 271 C......Page 272 D......Page 274 E......Page 275 G......Page 276 H......Page 277 I......Page 278 L......Page 279 M......Page 280 O......Page 282 P......Page 283 R......Page 284 S......Page 285 T......Page 287 V......Page 288 Z......Page 289 Contents 8 List of Contributors 11 Introduction 14 The scene in 1500 14 Received ideas about the sixteenth century 21 Distinctive themes of this book 22 1 The economy 31 Populations, prices, and wages 32 Eastern Europe 37 The Mediterranean lands 48 North-western Europe 53 Conclusion 64 2 Politics and warfare 71 Unified spaces 72 Political elites 79 War and finance 91 Images of rule 97 3 Society 102 The bonds of society 104 Social hierarchies: peasants, labourers, the middling sort, and elites 109 Towns and cities 112 Elites and status 114 Rural and urban society: mobility 118 Gender relations 120 The poor and social control 124 Fears and tensions 126 4 The mind 129 Northern Europe: Christian humanism 130 The religious programme of Erasmus 132 Classical scholarship in literature and law 135 The search for the esoteric 136 Aristotle revived and challenged 138 Where Aristotle could not lead: mathematics and astronomy 140 The life sciences 143 Moral philosophy 145 Political thought 147 Challenges to knowledge: forms of scepticism 153 Towards the seventeenth century 156 5 The turmoil of faith 158 The beliefs of the majority 158 Shared Catholicism on the eve of the Reformation 162 The ‘Luther-Movement’ 165 Community and city reformations in the Germanic world 168 Peasants, princes, and monarchs 172 The refugee paradigm 175 Catholicism chooses its path 179 On the margins of the confessions 183 Conclusion 185 6 Europe and a world expanded 187 Expanding territories in the sixteenth century 187 The Iberian powers and the first oceanic explorations 189 The conquests of Mexico and Peru 193 The Church in New Spain: ethical responses to conquest 196 Establishing a hispanic society in the New World 199 The Portuguese empire 202 Other European powers 207 Europeans in Africa 208 The Society of Jesus in the wider world 209 The wider world in European literature 211 Conclusion and commentary 213 Further reading 222 Chronology 247 Maps 258 Index 270 A 270 B 271 C 272 D 274 E 275 F 276 G 276 H 277 I 278 J 279 K 279 L 279 M 280 N 282 O 282 P 283 Q 284 R 284 S 285 T 287 U 288 V 288 W 289 X 289 Y 289 Z 289 The sixteenth century witnessed some of the most abrupt and traumatic transformations ever seen in European society and culture. Population growth strained the old fabric of community and economic relations. New supplies of precious metals from east and west re-wrote the rules of finance and commerce. Politics was dominated first by the gladiatorial struggle of two great Renaissance monarchs, then by the bitter and bloody entanglement of religion and politics. Society became more disciplined but also more fragmented. Yet this was also the age when the Renaissance became a European rather than just an Italian phenomenon, an age of art, architecture, and literature, of unprecedented reflection on the thinking person's role in government and civic life. It was the era of the Reformation and Catholic reform, when the ideals and priorities of the life of faith were examined and reshaped in the light of new readings of Scripture. For the first time Europeans not only learned more about the world beyond their continent; they reached out and grasped huge new overseas empires. Six leading scholars in their respective fields have here contributed their insights into the challenging and tumultuous sixteenth century. The economy, politics, society, and secular and religious thought all receive careful thematic treatment and analysis. A detailed picture also emerges of how Europeans made and managed their overseas empires. The volume challenges, tests, and revises the received wisdom of past accounts in the light of the most modern scholarship. The diverse experiences of regions of Europe often ignored, including the East and the Mediterranean, receive particular attention where their destinies were different from the more better-known experiences of France and Germany. Many clichés of textbook history, from the multiple'revolutions'to the rise of the nation-states, emerge transformed from this account.

This volume in the Short Oxford History of Europe series examines the sixteenth century—one of the most tumultuous and dramatic periods of social and cultural transformation in European history. Six leading experts consider this period from political, social, economic, religious, and intellectual perspectives. The book includes material on regions of Europe often ignored in other general histories of the period, such as the East and the Mediterranean world. This unique text challenges, tests, and revises the received wisdom of past accounts in light of the most modern historical scholarship. Traditional textbook history—from the multiple revolutions to the rise of the nation-states—emerges transformed from this volume.

This new volume in the Short Oxford History of Europe series looks at the sixteenth century - one of the most tumultuous and dramatic periods of social and cultural transformation in European history. Six leading experts consider this period from a variety of perspectives, including political, social, economic, religious, and intellectual history, and subject traditional explanations of all these areas to revision in light of the most modern scholarship. - ;The sixteenth century witnessed some of the most abrupt and traumatic transformations ever seen in European society and culture. Populatio В сборнике - шесть очерков.В тематических главах анализируется политическая, социальная, экономическая, религиозная и интеллектуальная история.Включает хронологическую таблицу,индекс и 10 карт. Скрины (http://fastpic.ru/view/3/2009/1023/bd1ee3c2da0b46784e3d26057eecb907.jpg.html) (http://fastpic.ru/view/3/2009/1023/d54f29d358a8bf486863f27b2fd33e94.jpg.html) (http://fastpic.ru/view/3/2009/1023/e070d100405914306102822082996d8e.jpg.html) Traditional accounts of the economy of Europe in the sixteenth century have emphasized three features.