The Shaping of Middle-Earth: The Quenta, the Ambarkanta and the Annals (The History of Middle-Earth, Vol. 4)

THE HISTORY OF MIDDLE-EARTH Poems and prose, maps and chronologies, detours and diversions along the road to Middle-earth . . . Christopher Tolkien has gathered archival materials that his late father, J. R. R. Tolkien, used to create the world and the history behind his classic stories. THE EVOLUTION OF A WORLD This fourth volume of The History of Middle-earth presents early versions of those first tales, from the creation myth to the fall of Morgoth. Writings include a chronology of the events in Beleriand, the first Silmarillion map, and the only known description of the physical nature of Middle-earth's universe. Detailed annotations highlight changes ranging from the spelling of Elvish names to pivotal emendations whose effects reach even to the war of the ring. The Shaping of Middle-earth presents a solid framework by which to trace the development of the early lore of Middle-earth. It is a truly indispensable reference work for those familiar with the history of that endlessly beloved land--and fascinating reading for those just entering that world. This book is derived from the proceedings of the International Workshop on Nanomechanics held at Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California on July 14-17, 2004. Approximately 70 leading experts from academia, government and industrial sectors in semiconductors, computers, communication, information technology, defense, energy, transportation and aerospace attended the Workshop (see the workshop photo taken on July 16, 2004). The main objective was to convene leading researchers in the nanotechnology community to assess the current state-of-the-art and disseminate recent progress, critical issues, barriers to applications, and directions for future research in nanomechanics. Miniaturization of structural components and functional devices such as electronic, optical, mechanical and electric-magnetic parts has been a recent trend, and the pace has accelerated over the past few years. Advances in micromanufacturing, semiconductor processing (e.g., etching, lithography, grafting, etc.), sensors, actuators and microprocessors have opened up a revolutionary path to the development of new technologies such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS), micro-engines, smart structures, smart controllers, lab-- a-chip devices, and even bio-medical sensing devices which can detect, analyze, decide and activate appropriate functions in real time. The above-mentioned devices, structures, or systems, have one issue in common. In order to perform their assigned functions, they must maintain their structural integrity and be reliable and durable during their entire designed service life. Thus, strength, durability, and time-dependent mechanical property degradation are major concerns for design engineers and device manufacturers, eventhough the parts are designed for electronic, magnetic, optical or other functions. Of Group Discussions -- Nano Mechanics/Materials Research -- An Ab-Initio Study of Mechanical Behavior for (A?-O)n Nanorods -- Phase Field Modeling of Solidification and Melting of a Confined Nano-Particle -- Friction-Induced Nucleation of Nanocrystals -- Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites -- On the Tensile Strength of a Solid Nanowire -- Fracture Nucleation in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes -- Multiscale Modeling of a Germanium Quantum Dot in Silicon -- Nanomechanics of Biological Single Crystals -- Nano/Micro Fluidic Systems -- Mechanical Characterization of a Single Nanofiber -- Atomistic Studies of Flaw Tolerant Nanoscale Structural Links in Biological Materials -- Towards the Integration of Nano/Micro Devices Using MEMS Technology -- Atomic Scale Mechanisms of Stress Production in Elastomers -- Dynamic Indentation of Polymers Using the Atomic Force Microscope -- Fabrication and Simulation of Nanostructures on Silicon by Laser Assisted Direct Imprint Technique -- Structure and Stress Evolution Due to Medium Energy Ion Bombardment of Silicon -- Mechanics of Nanostructures -- Residual Stresses in Nano-Film/Substrate Systems -- Nanomechanics of Crack Front Mobility -- Finite Temperature Coupled Atomistic/Continuum Discrete Dislocation Dynamics Simulation of Nanoindentation -- Static Atomistic Simulations of Nanoindentation and Determination of Nanohardness -- Electric Field-Directed Patterning of Molecules on a Solid Surface -- Dynamics of Dislocations in Thin Colloidal Crystals -- Mesoscopic Length Scales for Deformed Nanostructures -- Rough Surface Plasticity and Adhesion across Length Scales -- Modeling the Effect of Texture on the Deformation Mechanisms of Nanocrystalline Materials at the Atomistic Scale -- Modeling the Tribochemical Aspects of Friction and Gradual Wear of DLC Films

This is the fourth volume of The History of Middle-earth, edited by Christopher Tolkien, the first two comprising The Book of Lost Tales Parts One and Two, and the third The Lays of Beleriand.

It has been given the title The Shaping of Middle-earth because the writings it includes display a great advance in the chronological and geographical structure of the legends of Middle-earth and Valinor. The hitherto wholly unknown "Ambarkanta," or Shape of the World, is the only account ever given of the nature of the imagined Universe, and it is accompanied by diagrams and maps of the world before and after the cataclysms of the War of the Gods and the Downfall of Numenor. The first map of Beleriand, in the North-west of Middle-earth, is also reproduced and discussed. In the "Annals of Valinor" and the "Annals of Beleriand" the chronology of the First Age is given shape; and with these are given the fragments of the translations into Anglo-Saxon made by Aelfwine, the Englishman who voyaged into the True West and came to Tol Eressea, the Lonely Isle, where he learned the ancient history of Elves and Men.

Also included are the original "Silmarillion," written in 1926, from which all the later development proceeded, and the "Quenta Noldorinwa" of 1930, the only version of the myths and legends of the First Age that J.R.R. Tolkien completed to their end. As Christopher Tolkien continues editing the unpublished papers that form the bedrock from which The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion were quarried, the vastness of his father's accomplishment becomes even more extraordinary.

The fourth volume in The History of Middle-earth series, sure to find an eager audience among Tolkien scholars and devoted readers.

"This volume provides a critical assessment of the current state-of-the-art in nanomechanics, with particular application to mechanical properties and structural integrity associated with MEMS, NEMS, nanomanufacturing, microelectronics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, and microsystems. It contains articles by leading international experts in these fields. A special workshop summary identifies major gaps in present knowledge, barriers to applications, and critical research areas for rapid development of enabling technologies. This book is an excellent reference book for both academic and industrial researchers working in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, engineering, nanotribology and mechanics, materials science and engineering, computer science, and information technology. It will also be of interest to those pursuing research in NEMS, MEMS, mesomanufacturing, sensors, actuators, controllers, micromotors, and other microsystems in aerospace, defense, and military systems."--Jacket In this truly indispensable reference, trace the development of the early lore of Middle-earth. Poems and prose, maps and chronologies, detours and diversions along the road to Middle-earth -- Christopher Tolkien has gathered archival materials that his late father, J.R.R. Tolkien, used to create the world and the history behind his classic stories. The Shaping of Middle-earth presents early versions of those first tales, from the creation myth to the fall of Morgoth. Writings include a chronology of the events in Beleriand, the first Silmarillion map, and the only known description of the physical nature of Middle-earth's universe. Detailed annotations highlight changes ranging from the spelling of Elvish names to pivotal emendations whose effects reach even to the War of the Ring. This extraordinary book will be fascinating reading for those just entering this world -- and a delight for fans of this endlessly beloved land. - Back cover. Prose fragments following the lost tales The earliest "Silmarillion" The Quenta The first "Silmarillion" map The Ambarkanta The earliest annals of Valinor The earliest annals of Beleriand