The Shaman and the Heresiarch: A New Interpretation of the Li Sao (S U N Y Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture)

The Li sao (also known as Encountering Sorrow ), attributed to the poet-statesman Qu Yuan (4th-3rd century BCE), is one of the cornerstones of the Chinese poetic tradition. It has long been studied as China's first extended allegory in poetic form, yet most scholars agree that there is very little in the two-thousand-year-old tradition of commentary on it that convincingly explains its supernatural flights, its complex floral imagery, or the gender ambiguity of its primary poetic persona. The Shaman and the Heresiarch is the first book-length study of the Li sao in English, offering new translations of both the Li sao and the Nine Songs . The book traces the shortcomings of the earliest extant commentary on those texts, that of Wang Yi, back to the quasi-divinatory methods of the highly politicized tradition of Chinese classical hermeneutics in general, and the political machinations of a Han dynasty empress dowager in particular. It also offers an entirely new interpretation of the Li sao , one based not on Qu Yuan hagiography but on what late Warring States period artifacts and texts, including recently unearthed texts, teach us about the cultural context that produced the poem. In that light we see in the Li sao not only a reflection of the era of the great classical Chinese philosophers, but also the breakdown of the political-religious order of the ancient state of Chu. Cover Page 1 The Shaman and the Heresiarch: A New Interpretation of the Li sao 4 Contents 8 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 14 Chapter One: Wang Yi and Han Dynasty Classical Commentary 52 Chapter Two: Wang Yi and the Woman Who Commissioned the Chu ci zhangju 68 Chapter Three: The Intergendered Shaman of the Li sao 84 Chapter Four: The Realm of Shaman Peng-Floral Imagery in the Li sao 100 Chapter Five: The Philosophy of the Li sao, Part 1 130 Chapter Six: The Philosophy of the Li sao, Part 2 144 Chapter Seven: Shaman Xian’s Domain: The First and Second Journeys 158 Chapter Eight: Conclusion 178 Appendix 1: A Translation of the Li sao 196 Appendix 2: The Nine Songs 208 Notes 224 Selected Bibliography of Works in Chinese and Japanese 250 Selected Bibliography of Works in Western Languages 254 Index 268 Wang Yi And Han Dynasty Classical Commentary -- Wang Yi And The Woman Who Commissioned The Chu Ci Zhangju -- The Intergendered Shaman Of The Li Sao -- The Realm Of Shaman Peng: Floral Imagery In The Li Sao -- The Philosophy Of The Li Sao, Part I -- The Philosophy Of The Li Sao, Part Ii -- Shaman Xian's Domain: The First And Second Journeys -- Conclusion. Gopal Sukhu. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.