استقرار قاره‌های آمریکا: پیش‌تاریخ جدیدی

Who were the first Americans? Where did they come from, when did they get here, and how did they settle the Americas? Until three years ago, the “Clovis€ people were credited as the pioneers, arriving across the Bering land bridge at the end of the last Ice Age, no earlier than 12,000 B.C. Now that standard scientific account has been demolished.As the principal investigator since 1977 at Monte Verde, Chile, the most important site in overturning the old theories, Thomas Dillehay spent many years being dismissed for his insistence on the presence of “impossibly€ ancient human artifacts dating back 20,000 years. In the past few years he has been soundly vindicated, and in this book he presents a highly readable account of who the earliest settlers are likely to have been, where they may have landed, and how they dispersed across two continents.

since 1877, Archaeologist Tom Dillehay Has Been Unearthing Conclusive Evidence Of Human Habitation In The Americas At Least 15,000 To 20,000 Years Ago, Settling A Bitter Debate And Demolishing The Standard Scientific Account Of The Settlement Of The Americas. The Question Of How People First Came To The Americas Is Now Thrown Wide Open: The Best Guess Is That They Arrived From A Variety Of Places, At Many Different Times And By Many Different Routes.

dillehay Describes Who The Earliest Settlers Are Likely To Have Been, Where They May Have Landed, How They Dispersed Across Two Continents, What Their Technology And Folkways May Have Been Like, And How They Interacted With The Famous Clovis Culture Once Thought To Represent The Earliest Settlers.

about The Author:
thomas D. Dillehay Is Professor And Chairman Of Anthropology At The University Of Kentucky In Lexington. He Is The Author Of The Two-volume Set monte Verde: A Late Pleistocene Settlement.

publishers Weekly

in A Gripping And Groundbreaking New Study, University Of Kentucky Anthropologist Dillehay (monte Verde: A Late Pleistocene Settlement In Chile) Pushes Back By At Least 1,000 Years Our Estimates Of When The New World Was First Settled. He Challenges A Long-held Belief--that The First Inhabitants Of The Americas Were The So-called Clovis People, A Big-game-hunting Culture Who Came Through North America Starting 11,200 Years Ago And Reached South America Even Later. Drawing On His 20-plus Years Of Research At Monte Verde, In Chile, He Argues That South America Was Inhabited By 12,500 Years Ago. Indeed, He Suggests, There Were Multiple Pre-clovis Migrations To The Americas From Several Different Points In Asia And Possibly Other Parts Of The World. Thus, The Continent Was A Land Of Great Cultural Diversity At Least 11,000 Years Ago. Dillehay Also Offers Some Evidence That These Populations Were Physically As Well As Culturally Diverse; He Postulates That Late Pleistocene America Was The World's First Real Ethnic Melting Pot. The First Americans, He Argues, Do Not Fit Into Any Of Our Contemporary Categories Of Race Or Ethnicity. Writing In Accessible But Still Scientifically Rigorous Prose, The Anthropologist Does A Good Job Of Supporting His Controversial Claims With Solid Radiocarbon Dating And Other Evidence; His Passion For And Mastery Of The Topic Make For An Impressive Narrative. Whether Or Not Future Scholarship Confirms Dillehay's Theories, This Is A Valuable Book For Anyone Interested In Archeology, Early American Settlements Or The History Of Science. (june) Copyright 2000 Cahners Business Information.|

Since 1977, Archaeologist Tom Dillehay Has Been Unearthing Conclusive Evidence Of Human Habitation In The Americas At Least 15,000 To 20,000 Years Ago, Settling A Bitter Debate And Demolishing The Standard Scientific Account Of The Settlement Of The Americas. The Question Of How People First Came To The Americas Is Now Thrown Wide Open: The Best Guess Is That They Arrived From A Variety Of Places, At Many Different Times And By Many Different Routes. Dillehay Describes Who The Earliest Settlers Are Likely To Have Been, Where They May Have Landed, How They Dispersed Across Two Continents, What Their Technology And Folkways May Have Been Like, And How They Interacted With The Famous Clovis Culture Once Thought To Represent The Earliest Settlers. Setting The Stage -- Debating The Archaeology Of The First Americans -- Early Humans In Past Environments -- The Stone Tool Traditions -- South American Regions : The Pacific And Caribbean Sides Of The Continent -- South American Regions : The Atlantic Side Of The Continent -- Patterns And Prospects -- Skeletons, Genes, And Languages -- Migration, Adaptation, And Diversity -- The Social And Cognitive Settlers -- Lingering Questions. Thomas D. Dillehay. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 333-357) And Index. "The Clovis people, while they certainly existed, were not the first ones here. So who were the real first Americans?". "The Monte Verde site in southern Chile, which his team excavated from 1977 until 1989, is now widely accepted as the first proven "pre-Clovis" site - a human New World settlement that is at least 15,000 and perhaps as much as 30,000 years old. This demands more than a simple revision of the dates: our entire picture of where these first settlers came from, how they lived and their relationship with their new environment must change.". "That new view, says Dillehay, will come mainly from South America - from South American sites and from freedom from the North American dogma that kept the Clovis theory dominant for so many years. In The Settlement of the Americas he not only tours the relevant sites and describes the routes the first Americans might have taken into this hemisphere, he also describes how they must have lived and how they faced the great adventure of exploring a completely uninhabited continent - the last people on earth to have this experience. This is the first book on the new prehistory of the Pleistocene New World."--BOOK JACKET. Frontmatter Figures and Photos (page vii) Acknowledgments (page ix) Preface (page xiii) 1 SETTING THE STAGE (page 1) 2 DEBATING THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE FIRST AMERICANS (page 15) 3 EARLY HUMANS IN PAST ENVIRONMENTS (page 45) 4 THE STONE TOOL TRADITIONS (page 89) 5 SOUTH AMERICAN REGIONS: THE PACIFIC AND CARIBBEAN SIDES OF THE CONTINENT (page 109) 6 SOUTH AMERICAN REGIONS: THE ATLANTIC SIDE OF THE CONTINENT (page 187) 7 PATTERNS AND PROSPECTS (page 215) 8 SKELETONS, GENES, AND LANGUAGES (page 227) 9 MIGRATION, ADAPTATION, AND DIVERSITY (page 249) 10 THE SOCIAL AND COGNITIVE SETTLERS (page 263) 11 LINGERING QUESTIONS (page 281) Appendix: Radiocarbon Dates for Major Sites Discussed in the Text (page 295) Glossary (page 323) Notes (page 333) Index (page 359) SOMETIME AFTER THE EMERGENCE OF Homo sapiens in the Old World, the forebears of Native Americans entered the previously uninhabited New World, eventually making their way southward to the cold, barren landscape of Tierra del Fuego-one of the last places on earth reached by prehistoric humans. Offers a new theory on the first settlement of the Americas, drawing on archeological evidence from South America to describe how the earliest Americans lived and to speculate on the route they may have taken to arrive in South America.