The semantics of classificatory verbs in Enga (and other Papua New Guinea languages)

The semantics of classificatory verbs in Enga (and other Papua New Guinea languages)......Page 1 Contents......Page 3 Acknowledgments......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Presentation and Abbreviations......Page 10 Index of Bound Morphemes......Page 12 0.0 INTRODUCTION......Page 13 0.1 Theoretical Orientation and Problems......Page 16 0.2.1 The Semantic Features......Page 17 0.2.2 Semantic Redundancy Rules......Page 19 0.2.3 Exceptions......Page 22 0.2.3.1 Loan Items......Page 23 0.2.3.2 Intersection......Page 24 0.2.4 Dominance Relations Between Nouns and Verbs......Page 25 0.3 Data Compilation......Page 27 Notes......Page 29 1.1 The Enga......Page 35 1.2.1 The Noun......Page 36 1.2.2.1 Incorporated Pronoun Objects......Page 45 1.2.2.2 Sentence-medial and Sentence-final Forms......Page 46 1.2.2.3 Tenses and Moods......Page 48 Notes......Page 50 2.1 Syntactic Properties......Page 53 2.2.1 Meaning of the EV......Page 56 2.2.2 Features......Page 59 2.2.3 Redundancy Rules......Page 60 Table 2.2: Loan Items in the EV......Page 64 2.2.5 Intersection......Page 65 2.2.6 Change of Class......Page 68 2.3 Conclusion......Page 70 Notes......Page 74 3.0 THE ANIMATE NOUNS......Page 79 Table 3.1: The Animate Nouns......Page 80 Diagram 3.2: The Enga Animates......Page 81 3.2 Redundancy Rules......Page 84 3.3 Loan Items......Page 86 3.4 Change of Class......Page 87 3.5 Comparison of Features......Page 88 Notes......Page 91 4.1.1 Form......Page 97 4.1.2 Objects......Page 100 Table 4.1: Compound Verbs and Predications......Page 103 4.1.4 The O-Complementizer......Page 104 Table 4.2: Verbs in the Predications......Page 106 4.2.1 Rules......Page 109 4.2.2 Loan Items......Page 113 4.2.3.1 The Adjuncts in Intersection......Page 115 4.2.3.2 The Verbs in Intersection......Page 117 4.3 Conclusion......Page 118 Notes......Page 120 5.0 COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE......Page 127 5.1 The EV......Page 128 5.1.2 Discussion of the Comparative EV......Page 133 5.2.1 The Phenomenon......Page 135 5.2.3 Examples......Page 137 5.3 Conclusion......Page 142 Notes......Page 144 6.0 CONCLUSION......Page 147 Appendix A: Semantic Classes of Verbs......Page 149 Appendix B: Data Compilation......Page 155 Appendix C: The Existential Verbs......Page 161 Appendix D: The Predications of Enga......Page 168 Appendix E: Predications for Comparison......Page 192 Bibliography......Page 232 Map 1: The Enga Area......Page 33 Map 2: Comparative Perspective......Page 126 Chart 1.1: Noun Classes......Page 38 Chart 3.3: Covert Features......Page 82 Chart 5.1: The Comparative EV......Page 134 Chart 5.2: Comparative Predications Part I......Page 138 Comparative Predications Part II......Page 139 Diagram 2.1: The Existential Verbs......Page 61 Diagram 4.3: Predications......Page 110 Table 1.1 Verb Paradigm......Page 49 Table 2.4: Intersection Data......Page 66 Table 4.3: Loan Items in the Predications......Page 114 Table 4.4: Intersection in the Predications......Page 116