The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook (Innovation and Technology in the World Economy)

Basic scientific research and technological development have had an enormous impact on innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. Yet science policy debates have long been dominated by advocates for particular scientific fields or missions. In the absence of a deeper understanding of the changing framework in which innovation occurs, policymakers cannot predict how best to make and manage investments to exploit our most promising and important opportunities.Since 2005, a science of science policy has developed rapidly in response to policymakers' increased demands for better tools and the social sciences' capacity to provide them. The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook brings together some of the best and brightest minds working in science policy to explore the foundations of an evidence-based platform for the field. The contributions in this book provide an overview of the current state of the science of science policy from three angles: theoretical, empirical, and policy in practice. They offer perspectives from the broader social science, behavioral science, and policy communities on the fascinating challenges and prospects in this evolving arena. Drawing on domestic and international experiences, the text delivers insights about the critical questions that create a demand for a science of science policy. Contents......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 8 1. Editors’ Introduction - Kaye Husbands Fealing, Julia I. Lane, John H. Marburger III,and Stephanie S. Shipp......Page 12 2. Why Policy Implementation Needs a Science of Science Policy - John H. Marburger III......Page 20 Part One: The Theory of Science Policy - Editors’ Overview......Page 34 3. Politics and the Science of Science Policy - Harvey M. Sapolsky and Mark Zachary Taylor......Page 42 4. Sociology and the Science of Science Policy - Walter W. Powell, Jason Owen- Smith, and Laurel Smith- Doerr......Page 67 5. The Economics of Science and Technology Policy - Richard B. Freeman......Page 96 6. A Situated Cognition View of Innovation with Implications for Innovation Policy - John S. Gero......Page 115 7. Technically Focused Policy Analysis - M. Granger Morgan......Page 131 8. Science of Science and Innovation Policy: The Emerging Community of Practice - Irwin Feller......Page 142 9. Developing a Science of Innovation Policy Internationally - Fred Gault......Page 167 Part Two: Empirical Science Policy—Measurement and Data Issues - Editors’ Overview......Page 194 10. Analysis of Public Research, Industrial R&D, and Commercial Innovation: Measurement Issues Underlying the Science of Science Policy - Adam B. Jaffe......Page 204 11. The Current State of Data on the Science and Engineering Workforce, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation in the United States - E. J. Reedy, Michael S. Teitelbaum, and Robert E. Litan......Page 219 12. Legacy and New Databases for Linking Innovation to Impact - Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby......Page 243 13. A Vision of Data and Analytics for the Science of Science Policy - Jim Thomas and Susan Albers Mohrman......Page 269 Part Three: Practical Science Policy - Editors’ Overview......Page 294 14. Science Policy: A Federal Budgeting View - Kei Koizumi......Page 300 15. The Problem of Political Design in Federal Innovation Organization - William B. Bonvillian......Page 313 16. Science Policy and the Congress - David Goldston......Page 338 17. Institutional Ecology and the Social Outcomes of Scientific Research - Daniel Sarewitz......Page 348 18. Science Policy in a Complex World: Lessons from the European Experience - Janez PotoĊnik......Page 360 Contributors......Page 368 Index......Page 378 Contents 6 Acknowledgments 8 1. Editors’ Introduction - Kaye Husbands Fealing, Julia I. Lane, John H. Marburger III,and Stephanie S. Shipp 12 2. Why Policy Implementation Needs a Science of Science Policy - John H. Marburger III 20 Part One: The Theory of Science Policy - Editors’ Overview 34 3. Politics and the Science of Science Policy - Harvey M. Sapolsky and Mark Zachary Taylor 42 4. Sociology and the Science of Science Policy - Walter W. Powell, Jason Owen- Smith, and Laurel Smith- Doerr 67 5. The Economics of Science and Technology Policy - Richard B. Freeman 96 6. A Situated Cognition View of Innovation with Implications for Innovation Policy - John S. Gero 115 7. Technically Focused Policy Analysis - M. Granger Morgan 131 8. Science of Science and Innovation Policy: The Emerging Community of Practice - Irwin Feller 142 9. Developing a Science of Innovation Policy Internationally - Fred Gault 167 Part Two: Empirical Science Policy—Measurement and Data Issues - Editors’ Overview 194 10. Analysis of Public Research, Industrial R&D, and Commercial Innovation: Measurement Issues Underlying the Science of Science Policy - Adam B. Jaffe 204 11. The Current State of Data on the Science and Engineering Workforce, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation in the United States - E. J. Reedy, Michael S. Teitelbaum, and Robert E. Litan 219 12. Legacy and New Databases for Linking Innovation to Impact - Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby 243 13. A Vision of Data and Analytics for the Science of Science Policy - Jim Thomas and Susan Albers Mohrman 269 Part Three: Practical Science Policy - Editors’ Overview 294 14. Science Policy: A Federal Budgeting View - Kei Koizumi 300 15. The Problem of Political Design in Federal Innovation Organization - William B. Bonvillian 313 16. Science Policy and the Congress - David Goldston 338 17. Institutional Ecology and the Social Outcomes of Scientific Research - Daniel Sarewitz 348 18. Science Policy in a Complex World: Lessons from the European Experience - Janez PotoĊnik 360 Contributors 368 Index 378 9780804770781 Why Policy Implementation Needs A Science Of Science Policy / John H. Marburger Iii -- Politics And The Science Of Science Policy / Harvey M. Sapolsky And Mark Zachary Taylor -- Sociology And The Science Of Science Policy / Woody Powell, Jason Owen-smith, And Laurel Smith-doerr -- The Economics Of Science And Technology Policy / Richard Freeman -- A Situated Cognition View Of Innovation With Implications For Innovation Policy / John Gero -- Technically Focused Policy Analysis / Granger Morgan -- Science Of Science And Innovation Policy / Irwin Feller -- Developing A Science Of Innovation Policy Internationally / Fred Gault -- Analysis Of Public Research, Industrial R & D, And Commercial Innovation : Measurement Issues Underlying The Science Of Science Policy / Adam Jaffe -- The Current State Of Data On The Science And Engineering Workforce, Entrepreneurship, And Innovation In The United States / E. J. Reedy, Michael Teitelbaum And Robert Litan -- Legacy And New Databases For Linking Innovation To Impact / Lynne Zucker And Michael Darby -- A Vision Of Data And Analytics For The Science Of Science Policy / Jim Thomas And Susan Mohrman -- Science Policy : A Federal Budgeting View / Kei Koizumi -- The Problem Of Political Design In Federal Innovation Organization / Bill Bonvillian -- Science Policy And The Congress / David Goldston -- Institutional Ecology And The Social Outcomes Of Scientific Research / Daniel Sarewitz -- Science Policy In A Complex World : Lessons From The European Experience / Janez Potočnik. Edited By Kaye Husbands Fealing ... [et Al.]. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Why policy implementation needs a science of science policy / John H. Marburger III Politics and the science of science policy / Harvey M. Sapolsky and Mark Zachary Taylor Sociology and the science of science policy / Woody Powell, Jason Owen-Smith, and Laurel Smith-Doerr The economics of science and technology policy / Richard Freeman A situated cognition view of innovation with implications for innovation policy / John Gero Technically focused policy analysis / Granger Morgan Why and where for a science of science and innovation policy / Irwin Feller Developing a science of innovation policy / Fred Gault Analysis of public research, industrial R & D, and commercial innovation : measurement issues underlying the science of science policy / Adam Jaffe The current state of data on the science and engineering workforce, entrepreneurship, and innovation in the United States / E. J. Reedy, Michael Teitelbaum and Robert Litan Legacy and new databases for linking innovation to impact / Lynne Zucker and Michael Darby A vision of data and analytics for the science of science policy / Jim Thomas and Susan Mohrman Science policy : a federal budgeting view / Kei Koizumi The problem of political design in federal innovation organization / Bill Bonvillian Science policy and the Congress / David Goldston Institutional ecology and the social outcomes of scientific research / Daniel Sarewitz Science policy in a complex world : lessons from the European experience / Janez Potočnik. Basic scientific research and technological development have had an enormous impact on innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. Yet science policy debates have long been dominated by advocates for particular scientific fields or missions. In the absence of a deeper understanding of the changing framework in which innovation occurs, policymakers cannot predict how best to make and manage investments to exploit our most promising and important opportunities. Since 2005, a science of science policy has developed rapidly in response to policymakers'increased demands for better tools and the social sciences'capacity to provide them. The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook brings together some of the best and brightest minds working in science policy to explore the foundations of an evidence-based platform for the field. The contributions in this book provide an overview of the current state of the science of science policy from three angles: theoretical, empirical, and policy in practice. They offer perspectives from the broader social science, behavioral science, and policy communities on the fascinating challenges and prospects in this evolving arena. Drawing on domestic and international experiences, the text delivers insights about the critical questions that create a demand for a science of science policy. Basic scientific research and technological development have had an enormous impact on innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. Yet science policy debates have long been dominated by advocates for particular scientific fields or missions. In the absence of a deeper understanding of the changing framework in which innovation occurs, policymakers cannot predict how best to make and manage investments to exploit our most promising and important opportunities. Since 2005, a science of science policy has developed rapidly in response to policymakers' increased demands for better tools and the social sciences' capacity to provide them. The Science of Science A Handbook brings together some of the best and brightest minds working in science policy to explore the foundations of an evidence-based platform for the field. The contributions in this book provide an overview of the current state of the science of science policy from three theoretical, empirical, and policy in practice. They offer perspectives from the broader social science, behavioral science, and policy communities on the fascinating challenges and prospects in this evolving arena. Drawing on domestic and international experiences, the text delivers insights about the critical questions that create a demand for a science of science policy. This handbook provides an overview of the current theoretical and empirical basis for a science of science policy. It offers perspectives from the federal science and policy community, and look towards a research agenda for tomorrow.