The Rural World in the Sixteenth Century: Exploring the Archaeology of Innovation in Europe (Studies in the History of Daily Life (800-1600), 11)

The sixteenth century in Europe was a time of profound change, the threshold between the 'medieval' and the 'modern', as new technologies were introduced, distant lands explored, oceanic trade routes opened, and innovative ideas pursued in fields as varied as politics, science, philosophy, law, and religion. But sweeping transformations also occurred in the rural world, profoundly altering the countryside in both appearance and practices. Crucially for historians, there is abundant documentary evidence for these changes but, while they are less well-documented, their impact can also be traced archaeologically. This cutting-edge volume is the first to explore the archaeology of the rural world across the 'long' sixteenth century and to investigate the changing innovations that were seen in landscape, technology, agriculture, and husbandry during this period. Drawing together contributions from across Europe, and from a range of archaeological disciplines, including zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, landscape archaeology, material culture studies, and technology, this collection of essays sheds new light on a key period of innovation that was a significant precursor to modern economies and societies. List of Illustrations 7 Introduction: The Rural World in the Sixteenth Century 13 Idoia Grau Sologestoa and Umberto Albarella 13 Changes in Rural Milieu and Land Use on Estates in Southern Bohemia during the Sixteenth Century 23 Ladislav Čapek 23 Landscape and Settlement Evolution during the Sixteenth Century: A Multidisciplinary Study of Two Mountain Areas (Eastern France) 53 Valentin Chevassu, Emilie Gauthier, Pierre Nouvel, Vincent Bichet, Hervé Richard, and Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot 53 Impact of Subsistence on Medieval and Early Modern Land Use in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands 81 Jana Mazáčková and Petr Žaža 81 Livestock Improvement and Landscape Enclosure in Late and Post-Medieval Buckinghamshire, England 101 Tamsyn Fraser 101 Improvements in Animal Husbandry between the End of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era in England and the Basque Country: A Zooarchaeological Comparison 129 Idoia Grau Sologestoa and Umberto Albarella 129 Innovation: Turning Something Old into Something New. Vicia faba var. major 157 Anna Maria Grasso, Silvia D’Aquino, Eligio Vacca, Marco Nicoli, Milena Primavera, and Girolamo Fiorentino 157 Changes in Rural Textile Craft during the Sixteenth–Seventeenth Centuries in the Eastern Baltic Region (Estonian Example) 177 Riina Rammo 177 Iron and Steel Implements: Increased Diversification during the Early Modern Era in Sweden 199 Catarina Karlsson 199 History of Daily Life: (800–1600) 225 This volume represents the first attempt to review the archaeology of changes that occurred in the rural world during the transition between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era.00The sixteenth century in Europe was a time of profound change, the threshold between the ?medieval? and the ?modern?, as new technologies were introduced, distant lands explored, oceanic trade routes opened, and innovative ideas pursued in fields as varied as politics, science, philosophy, law, and religion. But sweeping transformations also occurred in the rural world, profoundly altering the countryside in both appearance and practices. Crucially for historians, there is abundant documentary evidence for these changes but, while they are less well-documented, their impact can also be traced archaeologically.00This cutting-edge volume is the first to explore the archaeology of the rural world across the ?long? sixteenth century and to investigate the changing innovations that were seen in landscape, technology, agriculture, and husbandry during this period. Drawing together contributions from across Europe, and from a range of archaeological disciplines, including zooarchaeology, archaeobotany, landscape archaeology, material culture studies, and technology, this collection of essays sheds new light on a key period of innovation that was a significant precursor to modern economies and societies