The Routledge History of Monarchy (Routledge Histories)

The Routledge History of Monarchy draws together current research across the field of royal studies, providing a rich understanding of the history of monarchy from a variety of geographical, cultural and temporal contexts. Divided into four parts, this book presents a wide range of case studies relating to different aspects of monarchy throughout a variety of times and places, and uses these case studies to highlight different perspectives of monarchy and enhance understanding of rulership and sovereignty in terms of both concept and practice. Including case studies chosen by specialists in a diverse array of subjects, such as history, art, literature, and gender studies, it offers an extensive global and interdisciplinary approach to the history of monarchy, providing a thorough insight into the workings of monarchies within Europe and beyond, and comparing different cultural concepts of monarchy within a variety of frameworks, including social and religious contexts. Opening up the discussion of important questions surrounding fundamental issues of monarchy and rulership, __The Routledge History of Monarchy__ is the ideal book for students and academics of royal studies, monarchy, or political history. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 4 Title Page 6 Copyright Page 7 Dedication 8 Table of Contents 10 List of illustrations 15 Figures 15 Table 16 Acknowledgements 17 Notes on contributors 18 Understanding the mechanisms of monarchy 26 Power, law and religion 29 Ceremonial, representation, display 33 Dynasty, court and realm 36 Continuity, change and comparison 38 Notes 40 Key works 44 PART I: Models and concepts of rulership 46 Introduction 48 Notes 59 Key works 62 Chapter 1: The ‘wise king’ topos in context: royal literacy and political theology in medieval western Europe (c.1000–1200) 63 Introduction 63 The sapiential image of kingship 64 Sapiential rulership in the Ottonian and Salian empire 66 Sapiential rulership in early Capetian France 69 The twelfth-century Renaissance and Plantagenet kingship 71 Notes 74 Key works 78 Chapter 2: The biblical King Solomon in representations of western European medieval royalty 79 Early medieval kingship: the example of the Carolingian rulers and the Byzantine tradition 80 Saint Louis, Henry III of England and Alfonso X 83 The widespread image of learned kings: the wise kings of the fourteenth century 85 Notes 90 Key works 94 Chapter 3: Regal power and the royal family in a thirteenth-century Iberian legislative programme 95 Introduction 95 The Iberian legal tradition 96 Regal authority 97 The court 100 The queen and the king’s mistresses 101 The king’s children 103 Royal relatives and the household 105 Conclusion 107 Notes 108 Key works 113 Chapter 4: Personal union, composite monarchy and ‘multiple rule’ 114 Definitions 115 Origins and endings of personal unions in premodern Europe 117 Forces favouring integration and separation 120 Institutions and structures 122 Political culture 125 Further elements: geography, historical coincidences and dynastic ‘pot luck’ 127 Conclusions and reflections: from personal unions to nation states 129 Notes 131 Chapter 5: Dynastic succession in an elective monarchy: the Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire 137 Foundations and transformations of the Habsburg emperorship 138 Consolidation at a lower level: the Roman emperorship of the Austrian Habsburgs in the second half of the sixteenth century 140 Emperorship in a period of crisis: the age of the Thirty Years’ War 142 Leopold I and his sons: the re-ascent of the emperorship – and its limits 144 Permanence and change: the Habsburg-Lorraine emperors 147 The end of the Roman emperorship 148 Conclusion: the characteristics of the Habsburgs’ Roman emperorship 149 Notes 151 Key works 153 Chapter 6: Dei gratia and the ‘divine right of kings’: divine legitimization or human humility? 155 Dei gratia 155 Notes 166 Key works 170 Chapter 7: A case study of pre-modern Islamic monarchy: the Almohad caliphate of the Maghreb and al-Andalus in the 12th–13th centuries 171 Towards a retrospective history 172 The Mahdi Ibn Tûmart: founder of the Almohad movement 172 ‘Abd al-Mu’min: founder of the Almohad empire 174 Almohad centralization and the imperial administration 175 Mahdism 177 The (re-)invention of the tradition of Islamic power 179 A new religion, a new chosen people: the Masmûda Berbers 180 Muslim kingship: the origins and characteristics of Islamic monarchy 182 Notes 186 Key works 189 Chapter 8: Contemporary kingship in Muslim Arab societies in comparative context 190 Arab monarchy as a historical reference point and post-colonial reality 191 Arab kingship and the politics of national legitimacy 194 Arab Muslim kingship in a comparatively less royal world 200 Notes 203 Key works 204 PART II: Ritual and representation 206 Introduction 208 Notes 218 Key works 220 Chapter 9: Faith, power and charity: personal religion and kingship in medieval England 221 European context 222 Historical writing on kingship and personal religion in England 224 Chaplains, masses, devotional texts and almsgiving 225 Demonstration of orthodoxy 227 Benefaction, foundation and burial 229 Conclusion 230 Notes 231 Key works 237 Chapter 10: The nation as a ritual community: royal nation-building in imperial Japan and post-war Thailand 238 Monarchy’s multifaceted symbolism and ritual 239 The Meiji Restoration and the making of modern Japan 240 The revival of the Thai monarchy after World War II 241 The imagined as ritual communities 243 Taking possession of the realm 244 Virtue, authenticity and modernity 245 National and local identities 247 Order and hierarchy 248 Conclusion 248 Notes 249 Key works (English only) 253 Chapter 11: The nationalization and mediatization of European monarchies in times of sorrow: royal deaths and funerals in the second half of the nineteenth century 254 Royal funerals in Europe 255 Royal funerals as cultural performances: mise-en-scène and social power 256 Royal deaths and the unity of the nation 261 The mediatization of royal deathbeds and funerals 265 Conclusion 266 Notes 268 Key works 273 Chapter 12: A useless ceremony of some use: a comparative study of attitudes to coronations in Norway and Sweden in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 274 The coronations of Carl XIV Johan and Oscar I 276 The coronations of Carl XV 277 Oscar II’s coronations 279 The end of coronations 281 A replacement for coronations 283 Conclusion 285 Notes 286 Key works 289 Chapter 13: Negotiating with the neighbours: kingship and diplomacy in Munhumutapa 290 Munhumutapa and its relations with the Portuguese: pathways of diplomacy and war 291 Receiving and sending embassies 294 Diplomacy and gift exchange 297 Legitimizing external relations 299 Conclusion 301 Notes 303 Key works 306 Chapter 14: Early modern monarchy and foreign travel 307 Entourage and anonymity 312 Transport 314 Speed and difficulty 316 Conclusion 320 Notes 320 Key works 324 Chapter 15: Kingship and masculinity in Renaissance Portugal (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries) 325 Context 326 Portuguese Renaissance royal and princely models 328 Practices of masculinity and manhood in Renaissance Portugal 330 Hegemonic vs. subaltern masculinities 332 Conclusions 334 Notes 336 Key works 338 Chapter 16: Royal representations through the father and warrior figures in early modern Europe 339 Monarchs as fathers to their country: divine rights and the defence of Christianity 341 Queen Elizabeth I of England: a father to her country? 345 Monarchs as warriors: military prowess and public demonstrations of power 347 King Henry III of France: a warrior king? 349 Conclusion 350 Notes 351 Key works 354 Chapter 17: Chasing St Louis: the English monarchy’s pursuit of sainthood 355 Who and what made a medieval royal saint? 356 The English candidates 357 The English problems: the international front 364 Conclusions 371 Notes 371 Key works 375 Chapter 18: Raising royal bodies: Stuart authority and the monumental image 377 Sacred bodies 378 Public bodies 382 Monumental interventions 390 Notes 395 Key works 398 Chapter 19: In pursuit of social allies: royal residences and political legitimacy in post-Revolutionary Europe, 1804–30 399 Legitimizing a return 401 Legitimizing conquest 404 Legitimizing restoration 408 Conclusion 411 Notes 411 Key works 414 Chapter 20: Clothing royal bodies: changing attitudes to royal dress and appearance from the Middle Ages to modernity 415 The demonstration of royal authority: royal dress and appearance before c.1640 416 The defence of royal authority: royal dress and appearance between c.1640 and c.1840 419 The display of royal authority: royal dress and appearance after c.1840 425 Notes 428 Key works 431 PART III: Dynasty and succession 434 Introduction 436 Notes 443 Key works 444 Chapter 21: Anticipatory association of the heir in early modern Russia: primogeniture and succession in Russia’s ruling dynasties 445 Testaments and primogeniture 446 Vasilii II and the Muscovite Civil War 451 Ivan III and the dynastic crisis of 1498–1502 453 Heirs and successors in the new dynasties 456 Notes 462 Key works 467 Chapter 22: From a Salic Law to the Salic Law: the creation and re-creation of the royal succession system of France 468 Pactus Legis Salicæ 469 The Carolingian–Capetian transition 471 The fourteenth-century crises 473 Creating the Salic Law 475 The Salic Law in France 478 Out of France, into Europe 481 Notes 484 Key works 489 Chapter 23: A family affair: cultural anxiety, political debate and the nature of monarchy in seventeenth-century France and Britain 490 Anxieties reflected in the arts 492 A history of royal successions 494 Sibling rivalries and the apanage 496 Conclusions: from revolt to accomodation 499 Notes 500 Key works 503 Chapter 24: What’s in a name? Dynasty, succession and England’s queens regnant (1553–2016) 504 Monarch, family, nation 505 Past and present 505 Present and future 512 Dynasty today 519 Notes 521 Key works 525 Chapter 25: Female pharaohs in ancient Egypt 526 Queen or female king? 528 Sobekneferu 528 Hatshepsut 531 Tausret 534 Cleopatra 535 The (after)lives of the female pharaohs 537 Notes 538 Key works 542 Chapter 26: Neither heir nor spare: childless queens and the practice of monarchy in pre-modern Europe 543 Chance or choice? Infertility, chastity, miscarriages and the problem of medieval medical knowledge 545 Medical remedies 547 Spiritual remedies 548 Queenship is more than biological motherhood 549 Conclusion 552 Notes 554 Key works 558 Chapter 27: Harem politics: royal women and succession crises in the ancient Near East (c.1400–300 bce) 559 Sex as politics 562 A harem Who’s-Who 563 Mother love and sibling rivalry 567 Conclusion 572 Notes 573 Key works 575 Chapter 28: Child kings and guardianship in north-western Europe, c.1050–c.1250 576 Appointment and guardianship 577 Suitability and opposition 580 Acting for the king 581 Conclusion 585 Notes 586 Key works 590 Chapter 29: Creating chiefs and queen mothers in Ghana: obstacles and opportunities 591 Chieftaincy in Ghana 591 The Asante 593 Succession and the queen mother 594 Disputes and dramas in Ghanaian chieftaincy 597 National and international influences 598 British colonialism 599 Government interference and the constitution 600 The economy 601 The diaspora 603 Conclusion 603 Notes 604 Key works 605 Chapter 30: Depositions of monarchs in northern European kingdoms, 1300–1700 606 Political elites and royal dynasties 607 Reasons for deposing a monarch 608 Renouncing of allegiance and rival kings 609 Chains of depositions in English history 611 Deposition without deposing: forced abdications 612 The most radical forms of deposition: depositions and regicides 614 Conclusions 615 Notes 616 Key works 619 PART IV: Exercising authority and exerting influence 620 Introduction 622 Notes 630 Key works 631 Chapter 31: Male consorts and royal authority in the Crusader States 632 Notes 643 Key works 646 Chapter 32: Kings and nobles on the fringes of Christendom: a comparative perspective on monarchy and aristocracy in the European Middle Ages 647 Nobility on the Iberian Peninsula and in Scandinavia 649 Royal minorities: questionable authority 651 Rebellion: challenging authority 653 Conclusion: comparisons and contingencies 656 Notes 658 Key works 660 Chapter 33: For better or for worse: royal marital sexuality as political critique in late medieval Europe 661 Introduction 661 Gender, sexuality and rulership 663 The incapable king 665 The neglected queen 668 The scheming intruder 670 Conclusions 672 Notes 673 Key works 679 Chapter 34: The Tudor monarchy of counsel and the growth of reason of state 680 Studying the English discourse of counsel 680 Changing discourses of counsel 682 Queen Elizabeth I and Reason of State 683 Conclusion 687 Notes 688 Key works 692 Chapter 35: Ruling emotions: affective and emotional strategies of power and authority among early modern European monarchies 693 The emotions of statecraft 694 The emotions of individuals 700 Conclusions 705 Notes 705 Key works 709 Chapter 36: From galanterie to scandal: the sexuality of the king from Louis XIV to Louis XVI 710 Notes 722 Key works 724 Chapter 37: Queen Min, foreign policy and the role of female leadership in late nineteenth-century Korea 725 Introduction 725 Being queen in late nineteenth-century Korea 728 The context of Queen Min’s rule 730 Queen Min’s assassination 734 Posthumous images of Korea’s female ruler 736 Conclusion 738 Notes 738 Key works 742 Index 743 The Routledge History of Monarchy draws together current research across the field of royal studies,providing a rich understanding of the history of monarchy from a variety of geographical,cultural and temporal contexts. Divided into four parts,this book presents a wide range of case studies relating to different aspects of monarchy throughout a variety of times and places,and uses these case studies to highlight different perspectives of monarchy and enhance understanding of rulership and sovereignty in terms of both concept and practice. Including case studies chosen by specialists in a diverse array of subjects,such as history,art,literature,and gender studies,it offers an extensive global and interdisciplinary approach to the history of monarchy,providing a thorough insight into the workings of monarchies within Europe and beyond,and comparing different cultural concepts of monarchy within a variety of frameworks,including social and religious contexts. Opening up the discussion of important questions surrounding fundamental issues of monarchy and rulership,The Routledge History of Monarchy is the ideal book for students and academics of royal studies,monarchy,or political history. The Routledge History of Monarchy draws together current research across the field of royal studies,providing a rich understanding of the history of monarchy from a variety,of geographical,cultural and temporal contexts.,Divided into four parts,this book presents a wide range of case studies relating to different aspects of monarchy throughout a variety of times and places,and uses these case studies to highlight different perspectives of monarchy and enhance understanding of rulership and sovereignty in terms of both concept and practice. Including case studies chosen by specialists in a diverse array of subjects,such as history,art,literature,and gender studies,it offers an extensive global and interdisciplinary,approach to the history of monarchy,providing a thorough insight into the workings of monarchies within Europe and beyond,and comparing different cultural concepts of monarchy within a variety of frameworks,including social and religious contexts.,Opening up the discussion of important questions surrounding fundamental issues of monarchy and rulership,The Routledge History of Monarchy is the ideal book for students and academics of royal studies,monarchy,or political history.