The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience (Routledge History Handbooks)

Challenging current perspectives of urbanisation, The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience explores how our towns and cities have shaped and been shaped by cultural, spatial and gendered influences. This volume discusses gender in an urban context in European, North American and colonial towns from the fourteenth to the twentieth century, casting new light on the development of medieval and modern settlements across the globe. Organised into six thematic parts covering economy, space, civic identity, material culture, emotions and the colonial world, this book comprises 36 chapters by key scholars in the field. It covers a wide range of topics, from women and citizenship in medieval York to gender and tradition in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South African cities, reframing our understanding of the role of gender in constructing the spaces and places that form our urban environment. Interdisciplinary and transnational in scope, this volume analyses the individual dynamics of each case study while also examining the complex relationships and exchanges between urban cultures. It is a valuable resource for all researchers and students interested in gender, urban history and their intersection and interaction throughout the past five centuries. Cover Page Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Notes on Contributors Preface Acknowledgements Gender and the Urban Experience: Introduction Notes Part I Economy, Circulations and Exchanges: Introduction Notes Chapter 1 Patterns of Transmission and Urban Experience: When Gender Matters Introduction Rules and spaces Last wills and contracts North versus South? Conclusions and questions for further research Notes Chapter 2 Women, Gender and ­Credit in Early Modern Western European Towns Introduction Networks of credit and creditworthiness Merchants, merchandisers and credit Servants and credit Conclusion Notes Chapter 3 Toleration, Liberty and Privileges: Gender and Commerce in Eighteenth-Century European Towns Introduction The guild system Laissez faire, commerce and the world of goods Guilds, skill and patriarchy Tolerating ‘foreigners’ Women and guild membership Tailors and seamstresses Gender and commerce Notes Chapter 4 Gender and Business During the Industrial Revolution Introduction Families and business Women and business Family strategies? Conclusion Notes Chapter 5 Poverty, Family Economies and Survival Strategies in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries: A Gender Approach Introduction Towns, ordinary people and gender The multidimensionality of poverty, gender and survival strategies Family, household, vulnerability and the use of welfare institutions Poor relief between the moral economy and the market economy: The urban traces of transformation The debate on poor relief and social policies in Catholic Europe and England from a gender perspective The liberal debate on poor relief and social policies in Europe from a gender perspective Towns between resilience and precariousness Notes Chapter 6 Gendered Experiences of Work and Migration in Western Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Introduction Parallel working lives in migration contexts Intermediaries in the sending countries: Landlord and company agents Foremen/forewomen as intermediaries Private and public employment agencies in the cities Mediating labour in transit Gendered paths to incorporation in urban labour markets Migration and domestic service: An independent project? Migrants’ activity ratios Precarious and uncertain migrant labour Migrants and urban settlement Conclusion: Changing migrant identities in the city Notes Part II Space, Place and Environment: Introduction Notes Chapter 7 Male Servants, Identity and Urban Space in Eighteenth-Century England Urban servants Domestic space Urban space Conclusion Notes Chapter 8 Mapping the Spaces of Seduction: Morality, Gender and the City in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain Moving through the British city Mapping seduction Gender, morality and urban space: A conclusion Notes Chapter 9 Painting the Town: Portrayals of Change in Urban Riversides, London and the Thames, a Case Study Research on Victorian women and space Thames Embankments: Planning and construction Artists and the Thames Paintings of the embankments Notes Chapter 10 Modernity and Madrid: The Gendered Urban Geography of Carmen de Burgos’ La rampa Notes Chapter 11 Home, Urban Space and Gendered Practices in Mid-Seventeenth-Century Turku Home, house and town Sociability, drunkenness and open homes Honour, family and home House, home and the outdoors Conclusions Notes Chapter 12 The Gendered Geography of Violence in Bologna, Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries Space and crime historians Context Experiencing violence and fear in the urban space Gendered violence and types of space Conclusion Notes Part III Civic Identity and Political Culture: Introduction Notes Chapter 13 Women and Citizenship in Later Medieval York Medieval York Freemen of York Female freemen and marital status Occupations Change over time Conclusion Notes Chapter 14 Civic Identity, ‘Juvenile’ Status and Gender in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Italian Towns Gender and exclusion in the early modern city The notion of citadinité: The social dimension of citizenship Providing civic identity: The case of apprentice and journeymen’s companies Urban bodies Granting rights Spaces for identity Conclusion Notes Chapter 15 ‘We Had a Row on the ­Politics of the Day’: Gender and Political Sociability of the Elites in Stockholm, c. 1770–1800 Introduction Political life in Stockholm The public garden The theatre The assembly rooms Domestic sociability Gentlemen’s clubs Political culture and civic identity in a European town Notes Chapter 16 Gender, Philanthropy and Civic Identities in Edinburgh, 1795–1830 The City of Edinburgh and its voluntary societies Female associations in Edinburgh Women in the world of male-led societies Women in the city Notes Chapter 17 Negotiating Respectable Citizenship: Homosexual Emancipation Struggles in Early Twentieth-Century Copenhagen Introduction Regulatory norms of respectable citizenship in early twentieth-century Copenhagen The Great Morality Scandal in Copenhagen, 1906–07 The public defences of Carl Hansen and Emil Aae Men of honour Men of age and maturity Men of education and culture Negotiating respectable citizenship, gender and sexuality Notes Chapter 18 Voting as an Act of Estate or Voting as an Act of Class?: Voting Women in Swedish Towns, c. 1720–1920 Setting the scene Age of Liberty: gender and the burgher estate Nation building and gendered voting The emergence of the woman question and a first attempt to ­mobilize female voters Local franchise as a strategy for women’s suffrage and a way of changing urban politics Conclusion Notes Part IV Material Culture in Gendered Urban Settings: Introduction Notes Chapter 19 Gender, Material Culture and Urban Experience in Early Modern Rome The number of urban women and men Women earning a living The spatial distribution of economic activities Male and female urban spaces The materiality of the dwellings Home furnishings and the role of material objects Status, class, wealth and citizenship Notes Chapter 20 The Changing Objects of Civic Devotion: Gender, Politics and Votive Commissions in a Late Medieval Dalmatian Confraternity Civic government and the confraternity Male devotion: The multiple role of the votive church Female devotion: The praying community in the saint’s chapel The commission of the silver statue: In manu sinistra teneat unam civitatem cum turribus Conclusion Notes Chapter 21 Caring and Healing: Women, Bodies and Materiality in Nineteenth-Century French Cities Women and health care in cities: From informal activity to recognition Midwives, nurses and doctors Satisfying needs: Prostitutes Satisfying needs: Wet nurses and domestic servants Conclusion Notes Chapter 22 Architectural Language and Mistranslations: A Comparative Global Approach to Women’s Urban Spaces Women’s claims to urban space: A transnational phenomenon Constance Smedley and the founding of the Lyceum Club in London Men and women’s clubs and their institutional and spatial differences The female conquest of male clubland: Strategies and reactions Beyond London: The Lyceum Club’s international ambitions and the desire for a women’s spatial commonwealth The problems of opulence: A mistranslation of the aesthetics of power German design reform and the creation of a new clubhouse on Lützowplatz New world frontiers: Women’s clubs but no clubhouses in New York City The failure of the Lyceum Club and the founding of the Colony Club Conclusion: Situating the local within the transnational Notes Chapter 23 Shoes and the City: Shoes and Their Sphere of Influence in Early America, 1740–1789 Access, acquisition and the act of purchase Shoes on display Conclusion Notes Chapter 24 Gendering the Automobile: Men, Women and the Car in Helsinki, 1900–1930 Introduction The automobile age begins in Finland Emergence and reception of the first cars The first women taking the wheel in Helsinki The chauffeur, the New Man Speeding and racing in Helsinki From beast to beauty Conclusion Notes Part V Intimacy and Emotion: Introduction Notes Chapter 25 Shaping London Merchant Identities: Emotions, Reputation and Power in the Court of Chancery London’s apprentices Approaching legal narratives Power, emotions and assertiveness in Chancery Helpful emotions? Conclusion Notes Chapter 26 Love Thy Neighbour?: The Gendered, Emotional and Spatial Production of Charity and Poverty in Sixteenth-Century France Belonging Sharing Locating Witnessing Conclusions Notes Chapter 27 The Emotional Life of Boys in Eighteenth-Century Mexico City Ideal boys Religion and boys Leaving home Play, thrills, danger and excitement Conclusions Notes Chapter 28 Emotions, Gender and the Body: The Case of Nineteenth-Century German Spa Towns Spa towns as urban environments The dietetic cure and emotional expectations Emotional regimes, managing emotions Emotional communities Conclusions Notes Chapter 29 Feeling Modern on the Russian Street: From Desire to Despair Introduction Olga Gridina: Unmasking the modern Death and the maidens: The ‘suicide epidemic’ Sex, love and the gendered self Emotions as social experience and social critique The impulse to hope Notes Chapter 30 Risk! Pleasure! Affirmation!: Navigating Queer Urban Spaces in Twentieth-Century Scotland Abnormative emotions? Risk, fear, affirmation Hope, pleasure and affirmation ‘Queer’ emotions Notes Part VI The Colonial Town: Introduction Notes Chapter 31 A Gendered History of Colonial Spanish-American Cities and Towns, 1500s–1800 Gendered roles before and during the conquest Creating colonial society in Mexico’s cities and towns Pre-Hispanic and colonial cities and towns in the Andes Creating new colonial populations and cultures Anti-colonial resistance and gender in the cities Conclusions Notes Chapter 32 Gender in Batavia: Asian City, European Company Town Introduction Batavia’s Dutch Batavia’s slaves Batavia’s free(d) Asian inhabitants Gender in the colonial town Notes Chapter 33 Cities at Sea: Gender and Sexuality in the Eighteenth-Century British Colonial City, Philadelphia, Kingston, Madras Philadelphia Kingston Madras and Calcutta Cities at sea: Transregional developments Notes Chapter 34 Gender, Race and the Spatiality of the Colonial Town in India Introduction Emergent urbanisms Making municipalities Domesticating power Conclusion Notes Chapter 35 Gender and Urban Experience in Nineteenth-Century Australasian Towns Introduction Opportunity and risk Domestic battlefields Notes Chapter 36 South African Cities, Gender and Inventions of Tradition in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries South African cities and the teaching of British gender traditions African urbanisation and less ‘respectable’ gender traditions in the city Conclusion Notes Further Reading Index Challenging current perspectives of urbanisation, this Handbook explores how our towns and cities have shaped and been shaped by cultural, spatial and gendered influences. This volume discusses gender in an urban context in European and colonial towns from the fourteenth to the twentieth century, casting new light on the development of medieval and modern settlements across the globe. Organised into six thematic parts covering economy, space, civic identity, material culture, emotions and the colonial world, this book comprises thirty-six chapters by key scholars in the field. It covers a wide range of topics from women and citizenship in medieval York to gender and tradition in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South African cities, reframing our understanding of the role of gender in constructing the spaces and places that form our urban environment. Interdisciplinary and transnational in scope, this volume analyses the individual dynamics of each case study while also examining the complex relationships and exchanges between urban cultures. It is a valuable resource for all researchers and students interested in gender, urban history and their intersection and interaction throughout the past five centuries