The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition (Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy)

The ancient philosophy of stoicism has been a crucial and formative influence on the development of Western thought since its inception through to the present day. It is not only an important area of study in philosophy and classics, but also in theology and literature. The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition is the first volume of its kind, and an outstanding guide and reference source to the nature and continuing significance of stoicism. Comprising twenty-six chapters by a team of international contributors and organised chronologically, the Handbook is divided into four parts: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, including stoicism in Rome; stoicism in early Christianity; the Platonic response to stoicism; and stoic influences in the late Middle Ages Renaissance and Reformation, addressing the impact of stoicism on the Italian Renaissance, Reformation thought, and early modern English literature including Shakespeare Early Modern Europe, including stoicism and early modern French thought; the stoic influence on Spinoza and Leibniz; stoicism and the French and Scottish Enlightenment; and Kant and stoic ethics The Modern World, including stoicism in nineteenth century German philosophy; stoicism in Victorian culture; stoicism in America; stoic themes in contemporary Anglo-American ethics; and the stoic influence on modern psychotherapy. An invaluable resource for anyone interested in the philosophical history and impact of stoic thought, The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition is essential reading for all students and researchers working on the subject. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations List of contributors Introduction Part I: Antiquity and the Middle Ages 1. Stoicism in Rome Seneca Musonius Rufus Epictetus Marcus Aurelius Hierocles Coda References 2. Stoicism in early Christianity: The Apostle Paul and the Evangelist John as Stoics Paul on how to overcome akrasia: two questions for Romans 7:7–8:13 John on how to overcome Jesus’ death: John 13:31–17:26 Answering the philosophical question Jesus and the Paraclete: the immediate and the distant future Conclusion on Paul and John as Stoics Stoicism in early Christianity beyond the New Testament Notes Further reading References 3. Plotinus and the Platonic response to Stoicism Introduction Materialism and mechanism Epistemology Free will, determinism, and moral responsibility Happiness Conclusion Notes References 4. Augustine’s debt to Stoicism in the Confessions Self-affiliation Maturation of self-affiliation: social bonds Augustine’s self-critiques: distorted impulses, social immaturity, failures in “proper functions” Conclusions Notes Further reading References 5. Boethius and Stoicism Boethius’s criticism of Stoicism in his logical commentaries The presence of Stoicism in the Consolation “Canine spiritedness”: a psychological foundation for Stoicism Stoicism: anesthetic to apparent goods and evils Stoicism: thinking within the horizon of “a rational, mortal animal, and nothing more” Notes References 6. Stoic themes in Peter Abelard and John of Salisbury Abelard John of Salisbury Notes Further reading References 7. Stoic influences in the later Middle Ages Stoicism was “everywhere and nowhere” Ethics: a history of texts and translators Receiving Aristotle: William of Auxerre, prudence as discretio Interpreting Aristotle: Albert the Great and phronêsis Integrating Aristotle: Thomas Aquinas and recta ratio agibilium Conclusions Notes Further reading References Part II: Renaissance and Reformation 8. The recovery of Stoicism in the Renaissance Spuria and forgeries Syncretism and conflation Foremost on the virtues Chronology of textual multiplication Notes Further reading References 9. Stoicism in the philosophy of the Italian Renaissance The early fifteenth century The mid-fifteenth century The late fifteenth century The early sixteenth century Notes Further reading References 10. Erasmus, Calvin, and the faces of Stoicism in Renaissance and Reformation thought Contexts for Erasmus’s and Calvin’s conceptions of Stoicism Erasmus’s and Calvin’s editions of Seneca Erasmus Calvin Conclusion Notes Further reading References 11. Justus Lipsius and Neostoicism Lipsius’s life Physics, metaphysics, and natural theology Anthropology and morality Politics and history Conclusion Notes References 12. Shakespeare and early modern English literature Notes References Part III: Early modern Europe 13. Medicine of the mind in early modern philosophy Introduction: a Baconian legacy Francis Bacon: a cure for intellectual self-delusion Descartes: the self-healing power of the mind Spinoza: from machina intellectus to automa spirituale Conclusion Acknowledgement Notes References 14. Stoic themes in early modern French thought Guillaume du Vair Montaigne Charron Descartes Stoicism outside moral philosophy Anti-Stoicism Malebranche Antoine Le Grand Notes Further reading References 15. Spinoza and the Stoics The similarities between Stoicism and Spinozism Spinoza’s interest in Stoicism How Spinoza formulated a Stoic system Acknowledgements Notes Further reading References 16. Leibniz and the Stoics: fate, freedom, and providence Against “the sect of the new Stoics” Metaphysical rationalism: the identity of indiscernibles and the “Stoic connectedness” Against indeterminist freedom The idle argument Future contingents Spontaneity Intelligence as the “soul of freedom” and the freedom of the sage Providence and evil Notes Further reading References 17. The Epicurean Stoicism of the French Enlightenment Montesquieu Diderot and La Mettrie Diderot and Rousseau Diderot’s Seneca Conclusion Note References 18. Stoicism and the Scottish Enlightenment Christianity and Stoicism in Scotland before the Enlightenment At the dawn of the Enlightenment: Stoicism and Christianity in Hutcheson’s ethics of benevolence The Skeptic Hume on the Stoics and religion Smith and Christian Stoicism: conscience, self-command, and humanity Concluding remarks Acknowledgements Notes Further reading References 19. Kant and Stoic ethics Introduction What is good? The internal determination the will as the source of value Nature, reason, and normativity Moral development: virtue, apathy, and inner attitude in struggle The highest good: virtue and happiness as the complete object of the faculty of desire Cicero, Garve, and Kant on perfect and imperfect duties Conclusion Acknowledgements Notes Further reading References Part IV: The modern world 20. Stoicism in nineteenth-century German philosophy Hegel Schopenhauer Nietzsche Notes References 21. Stoicism and Romantic literature Eighteenth-century legacies: the rise of “literature” Revolution and radicalism Wordsworth and Coleridge Beyond Note References 22. Stoicism in Victorian culture Stoicism in Victorian scholarship Stoicism and Christianity Marcus Aurelius and the Meditations Stoicism in popular discourse The limitations of “social Stoicism” Notes References 23. Stoicism in America Stoicism in early America Nineteenth-century Stoicism Twentieth-century Stoicism Conclusion Acknowledgements Notes Further reading References 24. Stoic themes in contemporary Anglo-American ethics Ethical theory Practical ethics Note References 25. Stoicism and twentieth-century French philosophy Alain: the Stoic discovery of the will Sartre: is Stoicism compatible with existentialism? Canguilhem against Sartre: ethics as logic Stoicism as a logic of events and a system: Brochard, Bréhier, Goldschmidt, Vuillemin Deleuze: the Stoic ontology of sense as event Foucault: Stoicism as part of the Hellenistic and Roman “culture of the self” Foucault, Deleuze and philosophy as a Stoic art of events Acknowledgements Notes Further reading References 26. The Stoic influence on modern psychotherapy Introduction Early psychotherapy and the Serenity Prayer Rational-emotive behavior therapy Rational emotions, “preference,” and the “reserve clause” Rational-emotive imagery and praemeditatio malorum Cognitive-behavioral therapy “Mindfulness” and “third-wave” CBT Conclusion Note Further reading References Index The Ancient Philosophy Of Stoicism Has Been A Crucial And Formative Influence On The Development Of Western Though Since Its Inception Through To The Present Day. It Is Not Only An Important Area Of Study In Philosophy And Classics, But Also In Theology And Literature. The Routledge Handbook Of The Stoic Tradition Is The First Volume Of Its Kind, And An Outstanding Guide And Reference Source To The Nature And Continuing Significance Of Stoicism. Comprising Twenty-six Chapters By A Team Of International Contributors And Organized Chronologically, The Handbook Is Divided Into Four Parts: Antiquity And The Middle Ages, Including Stoicism In Rome; Stoicism In Early Christianity; The Platonic Response To Stoicism; And Stoic Influences In The Late Middle Ages; Renaissance And Reformation, Addressing The Impact Of Stoicism On The Italian Renaissance, Reformation Thought, And Early Modern English Literature Including Shakespeare. Early Modern Europe, Including Stoicism And Early Modern French Thought; And The Stoic Influence On Spinoza And Leibniz; Stoicism And The French And Scottish Enlightenments; And Kant And Stoic Ethics. The Modern World, Including Stoicism In Nineteenth-century German Philosophy; Stoicism In Victorian Culture; Stocisim In America; Stoic Themes In Contemporary Anglo-american Ethics; And The Stoic Influence On Modern Psychotherapy. -- From Back Cover. Part I: Antiquity And The Middle Ages -- Stoicism In Rome / Gretchen Reydams-schils -- Stoicism In Early Christianity: The Apostle Paul And The Evangelist John As Stoics / Troels Engberg-pedersen -- Plotinus And The Platonic Response To Stoicism / Lloyd P. Gerson -- Augustine's Debt To Stoicism In The Confessions / Sarah Catherine Byers -- Boethius And Stoicism / Matthew D. Walz -- Stoic Themes In Peter Abelard And John Of Salisbury / Kevin Guilfoy -- Stoic Influences In The Later Middle Ages / Mary Beth Ingham -- Part Ii: Renaissance And Reformation -- The Recovery Of Stoicism In The Renaissance / Ada Palmer -- Stoicism In The Philosophy Of The Italian Renaissance / Jill Kraye -- Erasmus, Calvin, And The Faces Of Stoicism In Renaissance And Reformation Thought / Barbara Pitkin -- Justus Lipsius And Neostoicism / Jacqueline Lagrée -- Shakespeare And Early Modern English Literature / Andrew Shifflett -- Part Iii: Early Modern Europe -- Medicine Of The Mind In Early Modern Philosophy / Guido Giglioni -- Stoic Themes In Early Modern French Thought / Michael Moriarty -- Spinoza And The Stoics / Jon Miller -- Leibniz And The Stoics: Fate, Freedom, And Providence / David Forman -- The Epicurean Stoicism Of The French Enlightenment / Edward Andrew -- Stoicism And The Scottish Enlightenment / Christian Maurer -- Kant And Stoic Ethics / Daniel Doyle And José M. Torrabla -- Part Iv. The Modern World -- Stoicism In Nineteenth-century German Philosophy / Michael Ure -- Stoicism And Romantic Literature / Simon Swift -- Stoicism In Victorian Culture / Heather Ellis -- Stoicism In America / Kenneth S. Sacks -- Stoic Themes In Contemporary Anglo-american Ethics / Christopher Gill -- Stoicism And Twentieth-century French Philosophy / Thomas Bénatouïl -- The Stoic Influence On Modern Psychotherapy / Donald J. Robertson. Edited By John Sellars. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Introduction John Sellars Part 1: Antiquity and the Middle Ages 1. Stoicism in Rome Gretchen Reydams-Schils 2. Stoicism in Early Christianity Troels Engberg-Pedersen 3. Plotinus and the Platonic Response to Stoicism Lloyd Gerson 4. Augustine’s Debt to Stoicism in the Confessions Sarah Byers 5. Boethius and Stoicism Matthew Walz 6. Stoic Themes in Peter Abelard and John of Salisbury Kevin Guilfoy 7. Stoic Influences in the Later Middle Ages Mary Beth Ingham Part 2: Renaissance and Reformation 8. The Recovery of Stoicism in the Renaissance Ada Palmer 9. Stoicism in the Philosophy of the Italian Renaissance Jill Kraye 10. Erasmus, Calvin, and the Faces of Stoicism in Renaissance and Reformation Thought Barbara Pitkin 11. Justus Lipsius and Neostoicism Jacqueline Lagrée 12. Shakespeare and Early Modern English Literature Andrew Shifflett Part 3: Early Modern Europe 13. Medicine of the Mind in Early Modern Philosophy Guido Giglioni 14. Stoic Themes in Early Modern French Thought Michael Moriarty 15. Spinoza and Stoicism Jon Miller 16. Leibniz and the Stoics: Fate, Freedom, and Providence David Forman 17. The Epicurean Stoicism of the French Enlightenment Edward Andrew 18. Stoicism and the Scottish Enlightenment Christian Maurer 19. Kant and Stoic Ethics José Torralba and Daniel Doyle Part 4: The Modern World 20. Stoicism in Nineteenth Century German Philosophy Michael Ure 21. Stoicism and Romantic Literature Simon Swift 22. Stoicism in Victorian Culture Heather Ellis 23. Stoicism in America Kenneth Sacks 24. Stoic Themes in Contemporary Anglo-American Ethics Christopher Gill 25. Stoicism and Twentieth Century French Philosophy Thomas Bénatouïl 26. The Stoic Influence on Modern Psychotherapy Donald Robertson. Index The ancient philosophy of Stoicism has been a crucial and formative influence on the development of Western though since its inception through to the present day. It is not only an important area of study in philosophy and classics, but also in theology and literature. The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition is the first volume of its kind, and an outstanding guide and reference source to the nature and continuing significance of Stoicism. Comprising twenty-six chapters by a team of international contributors and organized chronologically, the Handbook is divided into four parts: Antiquity and the Middle Ages, including Stoicism in Rome; Stoicism in early Christianity; the Platonic response to Stoicism; and Stoic influences in the late Middle Ages; Renaissance and Reformation, addressing the impact of Stoicism on the Italian Renaissance, Reformation thought, and early modern English literature including Shakespeare. Early modern Europe, including Stoicism and early modern French thought; and the Stoic influence on Spinoza and Leibniz; Stoicism and the French and Scottish Enlightenments; and Kant and Stoic ethics. The modern world, including Stoicism in nineteenth-century German philosophy; Stoicism in Victorian culture; Stoicism in America; Stoic themes in contemporary Anglo-American ethics; and the Stoic influence on modern psychotherapy. -- from back cover