The Routledge Handbook Of The Governance Of Migration And Diversity In Cities (routledge Handbooks)

How have immigration and diversity shaped urban life and local governance? The Routledge Handbook to the Governance of Migration and Diversity in Cities focuses on the ways migration and diversity have transformed cities, and how cities have responded to the challenges and opportunities offered. Strengthening the relevance of the city as a crucial category for the study of migration policy and migration flows, the book is divided into five parts: • Migration, history and urban life • Local politics and political participation • Local policies of migration and diversity • Superdiverse cities • Divided cities and border cities. Grounded in the European debate on "the local turn" in the study of migration policy, as contrasted to the more traditional focus on the nation-state, the handbook also brings together contributions from North America, South America, Asia and the Middle East and contributors from a wide range of disciplines. It is a valuable resource for students and scholars working in political science, policy studies, history, sociology, urban studies and geography. Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Table of Contents......Page 6 List of figures......Page 10 List of tables......Page 12 Notes on contributors......Page 13 1 Introduction......Page 22 Part I: Migration, history and urban life......Page 30 2 Migration: a historical perspective. European port cities as a case study......Page 33 3 Urban migration histories......Page 43 4 Learning from history: city governance of migration and diversity in Britain and Germany......Page 60 5 Creating successful, diverse cities: what role can cultural institutions play?......Page 72 6 Migrant entrepreneurs and cities: new opportunities, newcomers, new issues......Page 84 Part II: Local politics and political participation......Page 96 7 Participation of migrants in European cities: patterns of civic and political engagement......Page 98 8 Local politics and immigration: mobilising immigrant associations beyond small-scale cities......Page 114 9 Political systems, parties and diversity: the case of Amsterdam......Page 125 10 How do local actors promote civic participation of immigrants? Approaches to integration and local dynamics......Page 137 11 Warsaw: a new immigration city in search of its integration policy towards newcomers......Page 151 Part III: Local policies of migration and diversity......Page 164 12 Global cities and multilevel immigration governance in Latin America......Page 166 13 Two worlds apart? Multilevel governance and the gap between national and local integration policies......Page 178 14 City immigrant affair offices in the United States: taking local control of immigrant integration......Page 189 15 City networks and the multilevel governance of migration: towards a research agenda......Page 203 16 City governance of migration and diversity: interculturalism as a city policy paradigm......Page 214 17 The local governance of immigrant integration in Europe: the state of the art and a conceptual model for future research......Page 225 18 Municipal immigration policymaking in Canadian cities: the state of the art......Page 237 Part IV: Superdiverse cities......Page 250 19 The governance of superdiversity: a tale of two North American cities......Page 252 20 Cities of migration: towards a typology......Page 263 21 Spanish intercultural cities: indexing governance......Page 272 22 Between superdiversity and nationalism: the culturalisation of everyday life in Amsterdam......Page 286 23 Delhi’s superdiversity: a historical understanding......Page 296 Part V: Divided cities and border cities......Page 308 24 Assembling a fragmented Bogotá: migrations, local polices and urban dynamics......Page 310 25 Jakarta, on the brink of being a divided city? Ethnicity, media and social transformation......Page 322 26 Urban diversity, inequality and residential processes: The role of immigration in the socio-spatial organisation of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area......Page 334 27 Urban citizenship in times of emergency: the impact of national control policies on the incorporation of precarious migrants in Tel Aviv/Jaffa......Page 350 28 Lampedusa: dynamics of bordering and “encampment”......Page 364 29 Local impacts of the Global North’s blackmail concerning transit migration: the cases of Tijuana and Istanbul......Page 374 30 Making and unmaking migrant irregularity: a border city during Italy’s “migration crisis”......Page 385 Index......Page 396 Transnational City Networks (TCNs), intended as voluntary organisations formed by local authorities in order to pursue some kind of perceived collective interest/purpose (such as Eurocities or others issue-specific networks), are becoming crucial actors in the migration policy field. They have been enthusiatically depicted as 'new coalitions' in the European Multilevel Governance (MLG) of migration, which challenge state-centred modes of governing migration-related issues, while emphasising forms of horizontal coordination among cities and of vertical negotiation with EU institutions. Yet, studies that empirically assess such hypotheses are still few, while research carried out in other policy fields such as urban development and climate-change mitigation, demonstrate how national authorities continue to remain key gatekeepers for access to the resources needed to undertake local policies. In this chapter I present first of all evidence of the relevance of TCNs in the migration policy field by showing how they have been mobilising on the current refugee crisis. Therefore, I provide a state of the art of existing research on TCNs on migration policy to identify gaps and promises of this emerging research stream. Hence, as a third step, a framework to better conceptualise TCNs as key actors in the MLG of migration policy is presented. In particular, I look at TCNs as the product of simultaneous processes of activation from above, i.e. from EU or other supranational institutions; and of mobilisation from below, i.e. from the cities themselves, to establish horizontal, city-to-city forms of collaboration, by-pass national governments and link directly to supranational institutions. In this perspective, TCNs perform three main functions, i.e.: lobbying for favourable policies and for funding from supranational institutions; allowing for the establishment of cross-country/cross-city dialogues; promoting policy learning and the exchange of best practices. Along with these instrumental functions, which are usually acknowledged by TCNs websites and official documents, I argue for a theoretical framework aimed at shedding light onto cities' perspective, therefore unravelling the reasons behind their decision to get involved in these networks. Especially when such a politically sensitive issue as migration is considered, participation in TCNs is likely to be praised first and foremost for the symbolic and political resources it may convey, such as strenghtening the city's international identity in and positioning vis-à-vis other cities, legittimizing existing policies and/or local political élites. The chapter discusses both instrumental and symbolic functions, showing how the MLG approach can help to disentangle the complexity of TCN-city relations, the complexity of TCN-city relations, which do not necessiairly and always imply the 'hallowing out' of the nation-state, but rather its reinvention in the context of non-hierarchical and diffused MLG relationships The introduction offer an overview on the main topics, arguments and disciplinary approaches to the study of the governance of migration and diversity in cities underlying the contributions to the Handbook. It discusses the more recent achievements in the literature on the 'local turn' to the study of migration policies and proposes an agenda for future research centred around five main themes: 1) historical and sociological understandings of urban governance; 2) the local politics of migration and migration-related diversity; 3) the local policy and multilevel governance of migration; 4) superdiverse cities; 5) divided cities and border cities