The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics (Routledge Philosophy Companions)

__The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics__ is an outstanding, comprehensive and accessible guide to the major themes, thinkers, and issues in metaphysics. The __Companion__ features over fifty specially commissioned chapters from international scholars which are organized into three clear parts: * History of Metaphysics * Ontology * Metaphysics and Science. Each section features an introduction which places the range of essays in context, while an extensive glossary allows easy reference to key terms and definitions. The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics is essential reading for students of philosophy and anyone interested in surveying the central topics and problems in metaphysics from causation to vagueness and from Plato and Aristotle to the present-day. Introduction: hat is metaphysics? / Robin Le Poidevin History of metaphysics Introduction to part I: MJillennia of metaphysics / Peter Simons Pre-socratic themes : being, not-being and mind / David Sedley Plato : arguments for forms / Richard Patterson Aristotle : form, matter, and substance / Stephen Makin Aristotle : time and change / Ursula Coope Medieval metaphysics I : the problem of universals / Claude Panaccio Medieval metaphysics II : things, non-things, God, and time / John Marenbon Descartes : the real distinction / Dugald Murdoch Hobbes : matter, motion, and cause / George MacDonald Ross Spinoza : substance, attribute, and mode / Richard Glauser Locke : the primary and secondary quality distinction / Lisa Downing Leibniz : mind-body causation, and pre-established harmony / Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra Berkeley : arguments for idealism / Tom Stoneham Hume : necessary connections and distinct existences / Alexander Miller Kant : the possibility of metaphysics / Lucy Allais Hegel and Schopenhauer : reason and will / Rolf-Peter Horstmann Anti-metaphysics I : Nietzsche / Maudemarie Clark Bradley : the supra-relational absolute / William Mander Whitehead : process and cosmology / Peter Simons Heidegger : the question of being / Herman Philips Anti-metaphysics II : verificationism and kindred views / Cheryl Misak Metaphysics revivified / Avrum Stroll Ontology : on what exists Introduction to part II : being and related matters / Ross P. Cameron To be / Chris Daly Not to be / Graham Priest Razor arguments / Peter Forrest Substance / David Robb Intrinsic and extrinsic properties / Ross P. Cameron Universals : the contemporary debate / Fraser MacBride Particulars / Herbert Hochberg Persistence, composition, and identity / Nikk Effingham Relations / John Heil Events, facts, and states of affairs / Julian Dodd Possible worlds and possibilia / John Divers Mathematical entities / Peter Clark Fictional objects / Richard Hanley Vagueness / Elizabeth Barnes Minor entities : surfaces, holes, and shadows / Roberto Casati Truth-makers and truth-bearers / John Bigelow Values / Kevin Mulligan Metaphysics and science Introduction to part III : the study of nature / Robin le Poidevin Space, absolute, and relational / Tim Maudlin The infinite / Daniel Nolan The passage of time / Eric T. Olson The direction of time / D.H. Mellor Causation / Michael Tooley Laws and dispositions / Stephen Mumford Determinism and probability / Phillip Percival Essences and natural kinds / Alexander Bird Metaphysics and relativity / Katherine Hawley Metaphysics and quantum physics / Peter J. Lewis Supervenience, reductionism, and emergence / Howard Robinson Biometaphysics / Barry Smith Social entities / Amie L. Thomasson The mental and the physical / Louise Anthony The self / John Campbell. Cover 1 Titile Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Notes on the Contributors 11 Acknowledgements 18 General Introduction: What Is Metaphysics? 19 PART I: HISTORY OF METAPHYSICS 24 Introduction to Part I: Millennia of Metaphysics 26 1 Presocratic Themes: Being, Not-Being and Mind 31 2 Plato: Arguments for Forms 41 3 Aristotle: Form, Matter and Substance 52 4 Aristotle: Time and Change 62 5 Medieval Metaphysics I: The Problem of Universals 71 6 Medieval Metaphysics II: Things, Non-Things, God and Time 81 7 Descartes: The Real Distinction 91 8 Hobbes: Matter, Motion and Cause 100 9 Spinoza: Substance, Attribute and Mode 111 10 Locke: The Primary and Secondary Quality Distinction 121 11 Leibniz: Mind–Body Causation and Pre-established Harmony 132 12 Berkeley: Arguments for Idealism 142 13 Hume: Necessary Connections and Distinct Existences 154 14 Kant: The Possibility of Metaphysics 165 15 Hegel and Schopenhauer: Reason and Will 175 16 Anti-Metaphysics I: Nietzsche 184 17 Bradley: The Supra-Relational Absolute 194 18 Whitehead: Process and Cosmology 204 19 Heidegger: The Question of Being 214 20 Anti-Metaphysics II: Verificationism and Kindred Views 224 21 Metaphysics Revivified 232 PART II: ONTOLOGY: ON WHAT EXISTS 243 Introduction to Part II: Being and Related Matters 244 22 To Be 248 23 Not To Be 257 24 Razor Arguments 269 25 Substance 279 26 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties 288 27 Universals: The Contemporary Debate 299 28 Particulars 309 29 Composition, Persistence and Identity 319 30 Relations 333 31 Events, Facts and States of Affairs 345 32 Possible Worlds and Possibilia 358 33 Mathematical Entities 369 34 Fictional Objects 380 35 Vagueness 393 36 Minor Entities: Surfaces, Holes and Shadows 405 37 Truthmakers and Truthbearers 412 38 Values 424 PART III: METAPHYSICS AND SCIENCE 436 Introduction to Part III: The Study of Nature 438 39 Space, Absolute and Relational 443 40 Infinity and Metaphysics 453 41 The Passage of Time 463 42 The Direction of Time 472 43 Causation 482 44 Laws and Dispositions 494 45 Determinism and Probability 503 46 Essences and Natural Kinds 520 47 Metaphysics and Relativity 530 48 Metaphysics and Quantum Physics 540 49 Supervenience, Reduction and Emergence 550 50 Biometaphysics 560 51 Social Entities 568 52 The Mental and the Physical 578 53 The Self 592 A Short Glossary of Metaphysics 601 Index 624 The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics is organized into three parts: History of Metaphysics, Ontology, and Metaphysics and Science. Each section features an introduction which places the range of essays in context, while a glossary allows reference to key terms and definitions 'The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics' contains over 50 chapters written by international scholars covering all aspects of metaphysics. It is essential reading for any student of metaphysics and an invaluable reference resource.