The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science (Routledge Literature Companions)

With forty-four newly commissioned articles from an international cast of leading scholars, The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science traces the network of connections among literature, science, technology, mathematics, and medicine. Divided into three main sections, this volume: links diverse literatures to scientific disciplines from Artificial Intelligence to Thermodynamics surveys current theoretical and disciplinary approaches from Animal Studies to Semiotics traces the history and culture of literature and science from Greece and Rome to Postmodernism. Ranging from classical origins and modern revolutions to current developments in cultural science studies and the posthumanities, this indispensible volume offers a comprehensive resource for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers. With authoritative, accessible, and succinct treatments of the sciences in their literary dimensions and cultural frameworks, here is the essential guide to this vibrant area of study. Part I. Literatures And Sciences. Ai And Alife / John Johnston -- Alchemy / Mark S. Morrisson -- Biology / Sabine Sielke -- Chaos And Complexity Theory / Ira Livingston -- Chemistry / Jay Labinger -- Climate Science / Robert Markley -- Cognitive Science / Joseph Tabbi -- Cybernetics / Søren Brier -- Ecology / Stacy Alaimo -- Evolution / David Amigoni -- Genetics / Judith Roof -- Geology / Stephen A. Norwick -- Information Theory / Philipp Schweighauser -- Mathematics / Brian Rotman -- Medicine / George Rousseau -- Nanotechnology / Colin Milburn -- Physics / Dirk Vanderbeke -- Psychoanalysis / Arkady Plotnitsky -- Systems Theory / Bruce Clarke -- Thermodynamics / John Bruni -- Part Ii. Disciplinary And Theoretical Approaches. Agricultural Studies / Susan M. Squier -- Animal Studies / Richard Nash -- Art Connections / Robert Pepperell -- Cultural Science Studies / Maureen Mcneil -- Deconstruction / Vicki Kirby -- E-literature / Joseph Tabbi -- Feminist Science Studies / Susan M. Squier And Melissa M. Littlefield -- Game Studies / Gordon Calleja And Ivan Callus -- History Of Science / Henning Schmidgen -- Media Studies / Mark B.n. Hansen -- Philosophy Of Science / Alfred Nordmann -- Posthumanism / Neil Badmington -- Science Fiction / Lisa Yaszek -- Semiotics / Paul Cobley -- Part Iii. Periods And Cultures. Greece And Rome / Emma Gee -- Middle Ages And Early Renaissance / Arielle Saiber -- Scientific Revolution I : Copernicus To Boyle / Alvin Snider -- Scientific Revolution Ii : Newton To Laplace / Lucinda Cole -- Romanticism / Noah Heringman -- Industrialism / Virginia Richter -- Russia / Kenneth J. Knoespel -- Japan / Thomas Lamarre -- Modernism / T. Hugh Crawford -- Postmodernism / Stefan Herbrechter. Edited By Bruce Clarke With Manuela Rossini. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. A Growing Number Of States Use Private Military And Security Companies (pmscs) For A Variety Of Tasks, Which Were Traditionally Fulfilled By Soldiers. This Book Provides A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Law That Applies To Pmscs Active In Situations Of Armed Conflict, Focusing On International Humanitarian Law. It Examines The Limits In International Law On How States May Use Private Actors, Taking The Debate Beyond The Question Of Whether Pmscs Are Mercenaries. The Authors Delve Into Issues Such As How Pmscs Are Bound By Humanitarian Law, Whether Their Staff Are Civilians Or Combatants, And How The Use Of Force In Self-defence Relates To Direct Participation In Hostilities, A Key Issue For An Industry That Operates By Exploiting The Right To Use Force In Self-defence. Throughout, The Authors Identify How Existing Legal Obligations, Including Under State And Individual Criminal Responsibility Should Play A Role In The Regulation Of The Industry.--pub. Desc. Introduction -- The Limits On The Right To Resort To Pmscs -- The International Responsibility Of States And Its Relevance For Pmscs -- The Legal Means Through Which Pmscs Are Bound By Ihl -- Legal Rules Applicable To Pmscs And Their Personnel -- The Implementation Of Responsibility Arising From Violations Of International Law By Pmscs -- General Conclusion. Lindsey Cameron And Vincent Chetail. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. BOOK COVER TITLE COPYRIGHT CONTENTS FIGURES CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE PART I: LITERATURES AND SCIENCES 1 AI AND ALIFE 2 ALCHEMY 3 BIOLOGY 4 CHAOS AND COMPLEXITY THEORY 5 CHEMISTRY 6 CLIMATE SCIENCE 7 COGNITIVE SCIENCE 8 CYBERNETICS 9 ECOLOGY 10 EVOLUTION 11 GENETICS 12 GEOLOGY 13 INFORMATION THEORY 14 MATHEMATICS 15 MEDICINE 16 NANOTECHNOLOGY 17 PHYSICS 18 PSYCHOANALYSIS 19 SYSTEMS THEORY 20 THERMODYNAMICS PART II: DISCIPLINARY AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES 21 AGRICULTURAL STUDIES 22 ANIMAL STUDIES 23 ART CONNECTIONS 24 CULTURAL SCIENCE STUDIES 25 DECONSTRUCTION 26 E-LITERATURE 27 FEMINIST SCIENCE STUDIES 28 GAME STUDIES 29 HISTORY OF SCIENCE 30 MEDIA STUDIES 31 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 32 POSTHUMANISM 33 SCIENCE FICTION 34 SEMIOTICS PART III: PERIODS AND CULTURES 35 GREECE AND ROME 36 MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY RENAISSANCE 37 SCIENTIFIC “REVOLUTION” I: Copernicus to Boyle 38 SCIENTIFIC “REVOLUTION” II: Newton to Laplace 39 ROMANTICISM 40 INDUSTRIALISM 41 RUSSIA 42 JAPAN 43 MODERNISM 44 POSTMODERNISM INDEX With forty-four newly commissioned articles from an international cast of leading scholars, __The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science__ traces the network of connections among literature, science, technology, mathematics, and medicine. Divided into three main sections, this volume: Ranging from classical origins and modern revolutions to current developments in cultural science studies and the posthumanities, this indispensible volume offers a comprehensive resource for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of the international legal framework applying to private military and security companies in armed conflict Pt. 1. Literatures and sciences -- pt. 2. Disciplinary and theoretical approaches -- pt. 3. Periods and cultures