The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars: Old Wars and New Wars [Expanded 3rd Edition] (African Issues, 38)

Expanded third edition of this key text on the complex underlying conditions of the civil war from the 1960s to the present day, including a new chapter on the current wars in Sudan's new south and South Sudan.Sudan's post-independence history has been dominated by political and civil strife. Most commentators have attributed the country's recurring civil war either to an age-old racial divide between Arabs and Africans, or to recent colonially constructed inequalities. This book attempts a more complex analysis, briefly examining the historical, political, economic and social factors which have contributed to periodic outbreaks of violence between the state andits peripheries. In tracing historical continuities, it outlines the essential differences between the modern Sudan's first civil war in the 1960s and today, including an analysis of the escalation of the Darfur war, implementation of the 2005 peace agreement and implications of the Southern referendum in 2011 and the new war in Sudan's new south and South Sudan. The author also looks at the series of minor civil wars generated by, and contained within, the major conflict, as well as the regional and international factors - including humanitarian aid - which have exacerbated civil violence. This introduction is aimed at students of North-East Africa, and of conflict and ethnicity. It will be essential reading for those in aid and international organizations who need a straightforward analytical survey which will help them assess the prospects for a lasting peace in Sudan. Douglas H. Johnson isan independent scholar and former international expert on the Abyei Boundaries Commission. Sudan's Post-independence History Has Been Dominated By Long, Recurring, And Bloody Civil Wars. Most Commentators Have Attributed The Country's Political And Civil Strife Either To An Age-old Racial And Ethnic Divide Between Arabs And Africans Or To Colonially Constructed Inequalities. In The Root Causes Of Sudan's Civil Wars, Douglas H. Johnson Examines Historical, Political, Economic, And Social Factors To Come To A More Subtle Understanding Of The Trajectory Of Sudan's Civil Wars. Johnson Focuses On The Essential Differences Between The Modern Sudan's First Civil War In The 1960s, The Current War, And The Minor Conflicts Generated By And Contained Within The Larger Wars. Regional And International Factors, Such As Humanitarian Aid, Oil Revenue, And Terrorist Organizations, Are Cited And Examined As Underlying Issues That Have Exacerbated The Violence. Readers Will Find An Immensely Readable Yet Nuanced And Well-informed Handling Of The History And Politics Of Sudan's Civil Wars. The Historical Structure Of North-south Relations -- British Overrule, 1899-1947 -- Nationalism, Independence & The First Civil War, 1942-72 -- The Addis Ababa Agreement & The Regional Governments, 1972-83 -- The Beginning Of The Second Civil War, 1983-85 -- The Momentum Of Liberation, 1986-91 -- The Spla Split : Surviving Factionalism -- The Segmentation Of Spla-united & The Nuer Civil War -- Multiple Civil Wars -- The War Economy & The Politics Of Relief -- Comprehensive Peace Or Temporary Truce? -- War In Sudan's New South & New War In South Sudan. Douglas H. Johnson. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Frontcover Contents Lists of Maps 1 The Historical Structure of North-South Relations British Overrule 1899–1947 3 Nationalism, Independence & the First Civil War 1942–72 4 The Addis Abba Agreement & the Regional Governments 1972–83 5 The Beginning of the Second Civil War 1983–5 Interlude 6 The Momentum of Liberation 1986–91 7 The SPLA Split Surviving Factionalism 8 The Segmentation of SPLA-United & the Nuer Civil War 9 Multiple Civil Wars 10 The War Economy & the Politics of Relief 11 Comprehensive Peace or Temporary Truce? Epilogue: War in Sudan's New South & New War in South Sudan Bibliographic Essay Appendix: Chronology of Events Index Backcover The historical structure of north-south relations -- British overrule, 1899-1947 -- Nationalism, independence & the first civil war, 1942-72 -- The Addis Ababa Agreement & the regional governments, 1972-83 -- The beginning of the second civil war, 1983-85 -- The momentum of liberation, 1986-91 -- The SPLA split : surviving factionalism -- The segmentation of SPLA-United & the Nuer civil war -- Multiple civil wars -- The war economy & the politics of relief -- Comprehensive peace or temporary truce? -- War in Sudan's new south & new war in South Sudan -- Appendix: Chronology of events