The Rome of Pope Paschal I: Papal Power, Urban Renovation, Church Rebuilding and Relic Translation, 817–824 (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series, Series Number 77)

In the early ninth century, a critical time in Rome's transformation from ancient capital to powerful bishopric to new state capital, Pope Paschal I undertook a building campaign to communicate his authority and Rome's importance as an ancient and contemporary seat of power. Combining analysis of contemporary chronicles and documents, architecture, mosaics and new archaeology of medieval Rome, Caroline J. Goodson examines Paschal's urban project, revealing new patterns of popular saint veneration in resplendent new churches built using traditional architectural vocabularies. These transformations connect the city and the pope to the past and the present, in the same league as the Byzantine and Carolingian capitals and their emperors. By examining the relationships between the material world and political power in early medieval Rome, this innovative 2010 study reveals the importance of Rome's sacred and urban landscape in constructing papal rule and influence both in the city and beyond Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page ......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 8 List of illustrations......Page 9 Acknowledgements ......Page 12 A note on terms and measurements used......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 18 1 PASCHAL I AND THE HISTORY OF ROME......Page 24 PASCHAL AND THE PAPACY......Page 31 LIBER PONTIFICALIS AND OTHER TEXTS......Page 33 THE GOVERNANCE OF ROME IN THE DECADES BEFORE PASCHAL'S REIGN......Page 37 ALLIANCE......Page 41 THE EPISCOPAL PALACE......Page 43 DECEMBER 800......Page 49 PACTUM LUDOVICIANUM......Page 53 Byzantines and Lombards......Page 57 MUSLIMS......Page 61 CAROLlNGIAN IDEAS......Page 64 2 BUILDING IN ROME......Page 67 DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE FROM THE FIFTH TO THE NINTH CENTURIES......Page 77 CHANGING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES, INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES......Page 86 PAPAL CONSTRUCTION . EIGHTH AND NINTH CENTURIES......Page 89 TRADE......Page 92 EXOTIC TRADE......Page 95 PILGRIMS AND DIPLOMATS......Page 99 PAPACY AND EMPIRE: NEGOTIATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE......Page 101 THE KRAUTHEIMER THESIS......Page 104 CRITIQUES OF THE KRAUTHEIMER THESIS......Page 109 HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHY......Page 113 S. PRASSED£......Page 115 S. CECILIA......Page 117 S .MARIA IN DOMNICA......Page 123 TOPOGRAPHIES OF POWER......Page 124 PAPAL LITURGY......Page 127 CONSTRUCTlON TECHNIQUES......Page 129 THE FORM OF THE CHURCHES......Page 133 BASILICAN ARCHITECTURE......Page 139 PRESBYTERIES......Page 145 CRYPTS AND CONFESSIONES......Page 152 EUCHARISTIC LITURGY......Page 158 INTERIORS......Page 159 LITURGICAL FURNITURE......Page 160 SILVER, GOLD AND LITURGICAL LUXURIES......Page 165 TEXTILES......Page 167 IMAGES : NARRATIVES AND PRESENCE......Page 171 CONCLUSIONS......Page 180 S. ZENO CHAPEL......Page 182 CAPPELLA DEL BAGNO......Page 194 SECONDARY ALTARS......Page 203 PETRINE ORATORIES......Page 204 MONASTERI ES......Page 208 GREEK MONKS AND ROMAN CHANT......Page 209 DIACONIA......Page 214 CONCLUSIONS......Page 218 5 BUILDING THE HOME OF THE SAINTS......Page 219 VENERATING SAINTS AT ROME......Page 220 CONTACT RELICS......Page 226 S. SILVESTRO......Page 230 LOMBARDS AND SAINTS......Page 233 Carolingians and saints......Page 240 The politics of relics......Page 243 S. MARIA IN DOMNICA......Page 245 S. MARIA MAGGlORE......Page 246 THE PETRINE CHAPELS......Page 247 S. PRASSEDE......Page 250 TilE INSCRIPTION OF THE SAINTS......Page 251 PAINTINGS......Page 257 REDISCOVERING THE RELICS......Page 263 S. CECILIA......Page 266 LOCA SANCTA CAECILIAE......Page 272 SAINTLY PRESENCE......Page 274 CONCLUSION......Page 276 6 TRANSFORMATIONS......Page 279 PASCHAL'S PROGRAMME......Page 281 LOUIS THE PIOUS......Page 287 AFTER PASCHAL......Page 290 RELICS......Page 295 CONCLUSIONS......Page 300 Tables......Page 301 Table 1. Liturgical donations given to Roman churches......Page 302 Table 2. The Inscription of the Saints......Page 349 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF S. PRASSEDE, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER......Page 356 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BASILICA OF S. CECILIA IN TRASTEVERE, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER......Page 358 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF S. MARIA IN DOMNICA, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER......Page 360 PRIMARY SOURCES......Page 361 SECONDARY SOURCES......Page 365 Index......Page 396 Front Matter 1 Front Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 CONTENTS 8 List of illustrations 9 Acknowledgements 12 A note on terms and measurements used 14 Abbreviations 18 1 PASCHAL I AND THE HISTORY OF ROME 24 PASCHAL AND THE PAPACY 31 LIBER PONTIFICALIS AND OTHER TEXTS 33 THE GOVERNANCE OF ROME IN THE DECADES BEFORE PASCHAL'S REIGN 37 ALLIANCE 41 THE EPISCOPAL PALACE 43 DECEMBER 800 49 PACTUM LUDOVICIANUM 53 Byzantines and Lombards 57 MUSLIMS 61 CAROLlNGIAN IDEAS 64 2 BUILDING IN ROME 67 DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE FROM THE FIFTH TO THE NINTH CENTURIES 77 CHANGING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES, INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITIES 86 PAPAL CONSTRUCTION . EIGHTH AND NINTH CENTURIES 89 TRADE 92 EXOTIC TRADE 95 PILGRIMS AND DIPLOMATS 99 PAPACY AND EMPIRE: NEGOTIATIONS IN ARCHITECTURE 101 3 CONSTRUCTING THE PAPAL CITY 104 THE KRAUTHEIMER THESIS 104 CRITIQUES OF THE KRAUTHEIMER THESIS 109 THE URBAN LANDSCAPE 113 HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHY 113 S. PRASSED£ 115 S. CECILIA 117 S .MARIA IN DOMNICA 123 TOPOGRAPHIES OF POWER 124 PAPAL LITURGY 127 CONSTRUCTlON TECHNIQUES 129 THE FORM OF THE CHURCHES 133 BASILICAN ARCHITECTURE 139 PRESBYTERIES 145 CRYPTS AND CONFESSIONES 152 EUCHARISTIC LITURGY 158 INTERIORS 159 LITURGICAL FURNITURE 160 SILVER, GOLD AND LITURGICAL LUXURIES 165 TEXTILES 167 IMAGES : NARRATIVES AND PRESENCE 171 CONCLUSIONS 180 4 BEYOND THE BASILICA 182 S. ZENO CHAPEL 182 CAPPELLA DEL BAGNO 194 SECONDARY ALTARS 203 PETRINE ORATORIES 204 MONASTERI ES 208 GREEK MONKS AND ROMAN CHANT 209 DIACONIA 214 CONCLUSIONS 218 5 BUILDING THE HOME OF THE SAINTS 219 VENERATING SAINTS AT ROME 220 CONTACT RELICS 226 S. SILVESTRO 230 LOMBARDS AND SAINTS 233 Carolingians and saints 240 The politics of relics 243 S. MARIA IN DOMNICA 245 S. MARIA MAGGlORE 246 THE PETRINE CHAPELS 247 S. PRASSEDE 250 TilE INSCRIPTION OF THE SAINTS 251 PAINTINGS 257 REDISCOVERING THE RELICS 263 S. CECILIA 266 LOCA SANCTA CAECILIAE 272 SAINTLY PRESENCE 274 CONCLUSION 276 6 TRANSFORMATIONS 279 PASCHAL'S PROGRAMME 281 LOUIS THE PIOUS 287 AFTER PASCHAL 290 RELICS 295 CONCLUSIONS 300 Tables 301 Table 1. Liturgical donations given to Roman churches 302 Table 2. The Inscription of the Saints 349 Bibliography 356 ROMAN MANUSCRIPTS CONSULTED 356 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF S. PRASSEDE, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 356 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BASILICA OF S. CECILIA IN TRASTEVERE, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 358 MANUSCRIPT DESCRIPTIONS OF S. MARIA IN DOMNICA, IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 360 PRIMARY SOURCES 361 SECONDARY SOURCES 365 Index 396 brprster@ggpd,0521768195,9780521768191 1. Paschal I And The History Of Rome -- 2. Building In Rome -- 3. Constructing The Papal City -- 4. Beyond The Basilica -- 5. Building The Home Of The Saints -- 6. Transformations. Caroline J. Goodson. Based On The Author's Thesis (ph. D.)--columbia University, 2004. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 334-373) And Index. Combining art history, analysis of contemporary documents, and new archaeology of medieval Rome, this study explores the building campaign of Pope Paschal I. It reveals that the transformation of Rome's sacred landscape was used to reinforce the authority and power of the papacy both in the city and beyond.