رومی‌ها و کولی‌ها

“Gypsies” have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages. Yet Roms still seem exotic to Westerners, who often rely on fictional depictions for what they know, or think they know, about this much-misunderstood people. The Romani Gypsies challenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community in Europe and the New World. Yaron Matras offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived over centuries. Descendants of Indian migrants, Roms began moving into western Europe in the 1300s, refugees of a collapsing Byzantine Empire. By the 1500s they had spread throughout Europe, working as itinerant smiths and toolmakers, healers and entertainers, and would soon reach the Americas. Often described as Egyptian—hence the name Gypsies—they were ostracized as beggars, vilified as criminals, respected as artisans, and idealized as free spirits. They have been both enslaved and protected, forced to settle down and forcibly expelled, in a pattern of manipulation and persecution that persists in our own time. Matras draws on decades of first-hand research into Romani life to explain the organization of Romani society, its shared language, history, and traditions, as well as differences among widely dispersed Romani groups. He also details the present-day dilemmas surrounding the struggle of Roms for political recognition in European countries which are, by turns, either ambivalent or openly hostile. A “rich, colorful account” of the origins, history, and culture of the Romani people (Robert Legvold, Foreign Affairs).“Gypsies” have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages. Yet Roms still seem exotic to Westerners, who often rely on fictional depictions for what they know, or think they know, about this much-misunderstood people. The Romani Gypsies challenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community in Europe and the New World. Yaron Matras offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived over centuries.Descendants of Indian migrants, Roms began moving into western Europe in the 1300s, refugees of a collapsing Byzantine Empire. By the 1500s they had spread throughout Europe, working as itinerant smiths and toolmakers, healers and entertainers, and would soon reach the Americas. Often described as Egyptian—hence the name Gypsies—they were ostracized as beggars, vilified as criminals, respected as artisans, and idealized as free spirits. They have been both enslaved and protected, forced to settle down and forcibly expelled, in a pattern of manipulation and persecution that persists in our own time.Matras draws on decades of first-hand research into Romani life to explain the organization of Romani society, its shared language, history, and traditions, as well as differences among widely dispersed Romani groups. He also details the present-day dilemmas surrounding the struggle of Roms for political recognition in European countries which are, by turns, either ambivalent or openly hostile.Praise for The Romani Gypsies“Yaron Matras has spent many years getting to know inward-looking Roma communities across Europe, winning their trust and unravelling their history, language and customs... Immaculately researched, warm and comprehensive.” —The Guardian“A much needed book on Europe's most misunderstood population... The book aims to take stock of the Romani Gypsies today—where they might come from, their history as a people, their culture and customs, and the issues they face today... It is a story of suffering that parallels the trials of Jews in Europe. However, while the Holocaust has at the very least made Europe grapple with its history of anti-Semitism, there has been no such reckoning for the Romani... Part of the immense value of this book by Matras is that it works to paint a complex picture of who the Romani are beyond the picture of a woman begging in the street... For the information alone, the book should be required reading in Europe and for anyone interested in the continent's history.” —William O'Connor, The Daily Beast A rich, colorful account of the origins, history, and culture of the Romani people (Robert Legvold,Foreign Affairs). Gypsies have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages. Yet Roms still seem exotic to Westerners, who often rely on fictional depictions for what they know, or think they know, about this much-misunderstood people.The Romani Gypsieschallenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community in Europe and the New World. Yaron Matras offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived over centuries.Descendants of Indian migrants, Roms began moving into western Europe in the 1300s, refugees of a collapsing Byzantine Empire. By the 1500s they had spread throughout Europe, working as itinerant smiths and toolmakers, healers and entertainers, and would soon reach the Americas. Often described as Egyptianhence the name Gypsiesthey were ostracized as beggars, vilified as criminals, respected as artisans, and idealized as free spirits. They have been both enslaved and protected, forced to settle down and forcibly expelled, in a pattern of manipulation and persecution that persists in our own time.Matras draws on decades of first-hand research into Romani life to explain the organization of Romani society, its shared language, history, and traditions, as well as differences among widely dispersed Romani groups. He also details the present-day dilemmas surrounding the struggle of Roms for political recognition in European countries which are, by turns, either ambivalent or openly hostile. Praise for The Romani Gypsies Yaron Matrashas spent many years getting to know inward-looking Roma communities across Europe, winning their trust and unravelling their history, language and customs... Immaculately researched, warm and comprehensive. The Guardian A much needed book on Europes most misunderstood population... The book aims to take stock of the Romani Gypsies todaywhere they might come from, their history as a people, their culture and customs, and the issues they face today... It is a story of suffering that parallels the trials of Jews in Europe. However, while the Holocaust has at the very least made Europe grapple with its history of anti-Semitism, there has been no such reckoning for the Romani... Part of the immense value of this book byMatrasis that it works to paint a complex picture of who the Romani are beyond the picture of a woman begging in the street... For the information alone, the book should be required reading in Europe and for anyone interested in the continents history. William OConnor,The Daily Beast Gypsies Have Lived Among Europeans Since The Middle Ages. Yet Roms Still Seem Exotic To Westerners, Who Often Rely On Fictional Depictions For What They Know, Or Think They Know, About This Much-misunderstood People. The Romani Gypsies Challenges Stereotypes That Have Long Been The Unwelcome Travel Companions Of This Community In Europe And The New World. Yaron Matras Offers An Account Of Who The Roms Are, How They Live Today, And How They Have Survived Over Centuries. Descendants Of Indian Migrants, Roms Began Moving Into Western Europe In The 1300s, Refugees Of A Collapsing Byzantine Empire. By The 1500s They Had Spread Throughout Europe, Working As Itinerant Smiths And Toolmakers, Healers And Entertainers, And Would Soon Reach The Americas. Often Described As Egyptian -- Hence The Name Gypsies -- They Were Ostracized As Beggars, Vilified As Criminals, Respected As Artisans, And Idealized As Free Spirits. They Have Been Both Enslaved And Protected, Forced To Settle Down And Forcibly Expelled, In A Pattern Of Manipulation And Persecution That Persists In Our Own Time. Matras Draws On Decades Of First-hand Research Into Romani Life To Explain The Organization Of Romani Society, Its Shared Language, History, And Traditions, As Well As Differences Among Widely Dispersed Romani Groups. He Also Details The Present-day Dilemmas Surrounding The Struggle Of Roms For Political Recognition In European Countries Which Are, By Turns, Either Ambivalent Or Openly Hostile. Who Are The Romani People? -- Romani Society -- Customs And Traditions -- The Romani Language -- The Roms Among The Nations -- Between Romanticism And Racism -- A Modern Romani Identity -- Appendix: The Mosaic Of Romani Groups. Yaron Matras. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Gypsies have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages. Yet Roms still seem exotic to Westerners, who often rely on fictional depictions for what they know, or think"they know, about this much-misunderstood people. The Romani Gypsies" challenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community in Europe and the New World. Yaron Matras offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived over centuries. Descendants of Indian migrants, Roms began moving into western Europe in the 1300s, refugees of a collapsing Byzantine Empire. By the 1500s they had spread throughout Europe, working as itinerant smiths and toolmakers, healers and entertainers, and would soon reach the Americas. Often described as Egyptian hence the name Gypsies they were ostracized as beggars, vilified as criminals, respected as artisans, and idealized as free spirits. They have been both enslaved and protected, forced to settle down and forcibly expelled, in a pattern of manipulation and persecution that persists in our own time. Matras draws on decades of first-hand research into Romani life to explain the organization of Romani society, its shared language, history, and traditions, as well as differences among widely dispersed Romani groups. He also details the present-day dilemmas surrounding the struggle of Roms for political recognition in European countries which are, by turns, either ambivalent or openly hostile." Roms (Gypsies) have lived among Europeans since the Middle Ages and yet still seem exotic to Westerners. Yaron Matras challenges stereotypes that have long been the unwelcome travel companions of this community, and offers a perspective-changing account of who the Roms are, how they live today, and how they have survived in Europe and America. Contents Chapter 1. Who Are the Romani People? Chapter 2. Romani Society Chapter 3. Customs and Traditions Chapter 4. The Romani Langua Chapter 5. The Roms among the Nations Chapter 6. Between Romanticism and Racism Chapter 7. A Modern Romani Identity Appendix: The Mosaic of Romani Groups Notes Selected Bibliography Index