The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC–AD 117 (Battle Orders)

The Imperial Army established by Augustus drew heavily on the nomenclature and traditions of the late Roman Republic, but was revolutionary in its design. He decided to meet all the military needs of the Empire from a standing, professional army. Military service became a career, and pay and service conditions were established that took account of the categories of soldier in the army: the Praetorian Guard, the citizen legionary troops, and the non-citizen auxiliaries. Enlistment was for 25 years (16 in the Guard), and men were sometimes retained even longer. The loyalty of the new army was to the emperor as commander-in-chief, and not to either the Senate or the People of Rome. Imperial legions became permanent units with their own numbers and titles and many were to remain in existence for centuries to come. Likewise, the auxiliary units (auxilia) of the army were completely reorganized and given regular status. Trained to the same standards of discipline as the legions, the men were long-serving professional soldiers like the legionaries and served in units that were equally permanent. Drawn from a wide range of peoples throughout the provinces, especially on the fringes of the Empire, the auxilia were non-citizens and would receive Roman citizenship upon completion of their twenty-five years under arms. Introduction ; Roman Military Organization. Legion ; Detachments ; Auxiliaries -- Weapons And Equipment. Helmets ; Body Armour ; Shields ; Shafted Weapons ; Bladed Weapons -- Command And Control. Legion Command ; Centuriate ; Junior Officers ; Equestrian Officers ; Command And Control In Action -- The Roman Army In Battle. Roman Tactical Doctrine And Practice ; Legion ; Auxiliaries -- Engineering. Marching And Practice Camps ; Forts And Fortresses ; Siegeworks -- After Actium. Saltus Teutoburgiensis, A Province Lost ; Mancetter, A Province Saved Second Cremona, A Throne Won ; Mons Graupius, A Battle Too Far -- Pax Romana -- Chronology. Roman Emperors -- Ancient Authors. Josephus (b. Ad 37) ; Suetonius (b. C. Ad 70) ; Tacitus (b. C. Ad 56). Nic Fields ; Consultant Editor, Duncan Anderson. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 89-90) And Index. The Imperial Army established by Augustus drew heavily on the nomenclature & traditions of the late Roman Republic, but was revolutionary in its design. He decided to meet all the military needs of the Empire from a standing, professional army. This book discusses this topic