The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Infectious and Non Infectious Inflammation (Progress in Inflammation Research Book 87)

TLR4 is one of the most important innate immunity receptors, its function mainly consisting in the activation of inflammatory pathways in response to stimulation by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs). This volume critically reviews the different types of TLR4 activators and inhibitors, discusses the role of molecular aggregates in agonism/antagonism as well as the pivotal role of the CD14 receptor in the modulation of TLR4 signal and the molecular details and actors of the intracellular cascade. The book presents the role of TLR4 in several pathologies, such as sepsis and septic shock caused by receptor activation by gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It reviews the role of TLR4 in neural stem cell-mediated neurogenesis and neuroinflammation and in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids and discusses the emerging role of micro-RNA (miRNA) regulation by TLR4. Front Matter ....Pages i-xi Chemically Synthesized TLR4 Ligands, Their Immunological Functions, and Potential as Vaccine Adjuvant (Atsushi Shimoyama, Koichi Fukase)....Pages 1-19 Intracellular TLR4 Signaling (Nikolay N. Kuzmich)....Pages 21-37 TLR4 Ligands: Single Molecules and Aggregates (Andra B. Schromm, Klaus Brandenburg)....Pages 39-56 CD14: Not Just Chaperone, But a Key-Player in Inflammation (Marco Di Gioia, Ivan Zanoni)....Pages 57-78 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Interactions with Neisseria (Myron Christodoulides)....Pages 79-91 Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation by Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) (Monica Molteni, Carlo Rossetti)....Pages 93-103 TLR4 in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases (Claudia Balducci, Gianluigi Forloni)....Pages 105-118 TLR4-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids (Massimiliano De Paola)....Pages 119-127 The Role of TLR4 in Neural Stem Cells–Mediated Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation (Lidia De Filippis, Francesco Peri)....Pages 129-141 Toll-Like Receptor 4 and the World of microRNAs (Monica Molteni, Carlo Rossetti)....Pages 143-157 Metabolic Reprogramming of Myeloid Cells Upon TLR4 Stimulation (Laure Perrin-Cocon, Anne Aublin-Gex, Vincent Lotteau)....Pages 159-174