The Role of EEG in the Diagnosis and Classification of the Epilepsies and the Epilepsy Syndromes : A Tool for Clinical Practice

Couverture Page de titre Page de copyright Table of contents Authors Prologue Abbreviations Part 1 - The role of eeg in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the epilepsies Diagnosis of epilepsy and the updated ilae classification Making The Provisional Diagnostic Hypothesis On Clinical Grounds Clinical Differentiation Between Generalised And Focal Seizures In Patients With New And Newly Diagnosed Epilepsies Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures (GTCS) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between GTCS and F-bilTC seizures Typical Absences (TA) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between typical absences and focal seizures. Myoclonic Seizures (MS) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between generalised myoclonic and focal motor seizures Differential diagnosis of epilepsy Syncope Vasovagal syncope (VVS) Symptoms and clinical signs Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia, or Orthostatic Intolerance Syndrome (POTS) Cardiac Syncope Clinical clues suggestive of cardiac syncope Psychogenic Syncope (PS) Recognising syncope at the first seizure clinic and the place of the EEG Management of patients with VVS from the neurology perspective Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (Pnes) The diagnosis of PNES and its difficulties From the seizure history From the clinical ictal features PNES with bilateral motor manifestations PNES with apparent loss of awareness and unresponsiveness without motor manifestations PNES with atonic features From the postictal features (on history and examination) The place of the EEG/Video EEG in the diagnosis of PNES A - Before the recording B - During the recordings (“ictal”) The management of patients with PNES from the neurological perspective Epileptic seizures misdiagnosed as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) Hyperkinetic frontal lobe seizures Sleep Disorders Sleep macrostructure Sleep microstructure and the “cyclic alternating pattern” (CAP) Some correlations of clinical significance Effects of antiseizure drugs (ASD) on sleep Non-Rapid Eye Movement or slow wave parasomnias Clinical features Polysomnography (PSG) and EEG changes EEG post arousal patterns Differentiation from Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy (SHE Table 7) Some diagnostic difficulties and pitfalls REM parasomnias REM sleep-related behavioural disorder (RBD) Benign eeg variants and patterns of uncertain significance Rhythmic Patterns Rhythmic Temporal Theta Discharge of Drowsiness (RTTDD) Subclinical Rhythmic Electrographic Discharge in Adults (SREDA) Midline theta rhythm Slow and fast alpha variants Epileptiform Patterns Small Sharp Spikes (SSS) or benign epileptiform transients of sleep (BETS) Six Hz spike-and-wave bursts (AKA PHANTOM spike-wave) Fourteen- and Six-Hz Positive spikes Wicket spikes Part 2 - The role of eeg in the diagnosis and classification of the epilepsies and the epilepsy syndromes Overview of the clinical eeg practice From The Initial Request To The Actual Eeg Recording Eeg Interpretation And The Clinical Report The Two Levels Of The Eeg Recording The Eeg Diagnostic And Taxonomic Criteria Within The 2017 Organization Of Seizures And Epilepsies EEG and clinical classification EEG and aetiological classification Genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsies (gge/ige) Typical Eeg Features - Attributes And Dynamics The generalized spike-wave discharge (GSWD) at >2.5 Hz The GSWD: morphology and distribution Effect of sleep and other activation Generalized spike-wave discharges and typical absences Background activity Non-localizing focal or multifocal spikes Eeg Features That, Despite The Presence Of >2.5-Hz Gswd/Gpswd, May Cast Doubt On A Diagnosis Of Gge/Ige GGE/IGE VS. SECONDARY BILATERAL SYNCHRONY (SBS) Coexistence Of Genetic Generalized And Focal Epilepsy Of Structural Aetiology Syndromes of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Atypical EEG/video EEG features Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for performing or repeating sleep-deprived advanced EEG or prolonged video recording. Juvenile Absence Epilepsy (JAE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Atypical EEG/video EEG features Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SD recording Indications for video telemetry Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness Typical generalized pattern: Other generalized patterns: During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SD recording Indications for video telemetry Other Genetic And Probably Genetic Generalized Epilepsies Epilepsy With Gtcs Alone (Gtcs-A) (Previously Known As Ige With Gtcs On Awakening) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Epilepsy With Phantom Absences (E-PA) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Absence Status Epilepsy (ASE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Eyelid Myoclonia With Or Without Absences (Jeavons Syndrome) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Eyelid myoclonia with or without absences Activation and inhibition Other seizures A note on self-induction (Si) Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Reflex epilepsies Photosensitivity And Visual Sensitivity Overview Classification of EEG responses to iPS The photoparoxysmal response (PPR) Seizures: symptoms and semiology Photosensitivity, visually induced seizures and epilepsy EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges (after visual activation) Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Reading Epilepsy (Including also language epilepsy) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges (activation upon reading) Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SDEEG FIXATION-OFF SENSITIVITY (FOS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges during wakefulness and sleep Ictal discharges (activation with fixation-off) Recording protocols Both recording levels Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Structural and genetic focal (lobar) syndromes Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) Adult mesial TLE (mTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Adult Neocortical (Lateral) Tle (LatTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Levels of EEG diagnosis Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (fmTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Autosomal Dominant Partial Epilepsy With Auditory Features Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged video-EEG monitoring Indications for invasive EEG monitoring FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSIES (FLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Occipital Lobe Epilepsies Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges during wakefulness and sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (pmes) Unverricht-Lundborg Disease (ULD) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Lafora Disease (LD) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Levels of EEG diagnosis Neonatal seizures and syndromes Overview Of Neonatal Seizures And Epilepsies Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathies: Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy With Suppression Burst Pattern (Ohtahara Syn... Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Differential diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG recording level Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (BFNE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features to be high­lighted in the EEG report, which may cast doubts on or eliminate a diagnosis of BFNE Indications for repeating advanced level video-EEG recording Focal Structural Epilepsy Of Neonatal Onset Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level video-EEG recording Infancy/early childhood INFANTILE SPASMS (IS) AND WEST SYNDROME (WS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level SD recording Indications for video telemetry Dravet Syndrome (DS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features that may cast doubts on a diagnosis of DS Indications for video-EEG telemetry Myoclonic Epilepsy In Infancy (MEI) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical features Indications for long video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Benign Infantile Epilepsy (BIE) Overview Seizures: symptoms & semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Epilepsy Of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMFS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features that may cast doubts or negate the diagnosis of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal se... Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG Childhood Febrile Seizures And Genetic Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus Overview Febrile seizures Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis After a complex FS (focal, prolonged, or repeated) Febrile seizures plus (FS+) EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Benign Childhood Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes (Cts) Or Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged video-EEG recording (telemetry) Atypical evolution of benign focal epilepsies in childhood PANAYIOTOPOULOS SYNDROME (PS) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced EEG Indication for prolonged video-EEG recording Differential diagnosis Occipital Childhood Epilepsy Of Gastaut (OE-G) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology Patterns of ictal propagation Associated seizure types EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry Epilepsy With Myoclonic-Atonic Seizures (EMAS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG recording Absence Seizures In The First Three Years Of Life Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video-EEG telemetry Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for performing or repeating video-EEG recording (advanced level) Epilepsy With Myoclonic Absences (EMA) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level EEG Indications for repeating basic level EEG recording Encephalopathy With Electrical Status Epilepticus During Slow Sleep (ESES) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced recording level Indications for repeating basic level recording Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) Overview Epileptic aphasia and seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Recording protocols and diagnostic levels Structural focal epilepsies in infancy and early and late childhood References Quatrième de couverture Couverture Page de titre Page de copyright Table of contents Authors Prologue Abbreviations Part 1 - The role of eeg in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the epilepsies Diagnosis of epilepsy and the updated ilae classification Making The Provisional Diagnostic Hypothesis On Clinical Grounds Clinical Differentiation Between Generalised And Focal Seizures In Patients With New And Newly Diagnosed Epilepsies Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures (GTCS) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between GTCS and F-bilTC seizures Typical Absences (TA) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between typical absences and focal seizures. Myoclonic Seizures (MS) Challenges in the clinical differentiation between generalised myoclonic and focal motor seizures Differential diagnosis of epilepsy Syncope Vasovagal syncope (VVS) Symptoms and clinical signs Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia, or Orthostatic Intolerance Syndrome (POTS) Cardiac Syncope Clinical clues suggestive of cardiac syncope Psychogenic Syncope (PS) Recognising syncope at the first seizure clinic and the place of the EEG Management of patients with VVS from the neurology perspective Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (Pnes) The diagnosis of PNES and its difficulties From the seizure history From the clinical ictal features PNES with bilateral motor manifestations PNES with apparent loss of awareness and unresponsiveness without motor manifestations PNES with atonic features From the postictal features (on history and examination) The place of the EEG/Video EEG in the diagnosis of PNES A - Before the recording B - During the recordings (“ictal”) The management of patients with PNES from the neurological perspective Epileptic seizures misdiagnosed as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) Hyperkinetic frontal lobe seizures Sleep Disorders Sleep macrostructure Sleep microstructure and the “cyclic alternating pattern” (CAP) Some correlations of clinical significance Effects of antiseizure drugs (ASD) on sleep Non-Rapid Eye Movement or slow wave parasomnias Clinical features Polysomnography (PSG) and EEG changes EEG post arousal patterns Differentiation from Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy (SHE Table 7) Some diagnostic difficulties and pitfalls REM parasomnias REM sleep-related behavioural disorder (RBD) Benign eeg variants and patterns of uncertain significance Rhythmic Patterns Rhythmic Temporal Theta Discharge of Drowsiness (RTTDD) Subclinical Rhythmic Electrographic Discharge in Adults (SREDA) Midline theta rhythm Slow and fast alpha variants Epileptiform Patterns Small Sharp Spikes (SSS) or benign epileptiform transients of sleep (BETS) Six Hz spike-and-wave bursts (AKA PHANTOM spike-wave) Fourteen- and Six-Hz Positive spikes Wicket spikes Part 2 - The role of eeg in the diagnosis and classification of the epilepsies and the epilepsy syndromes Overview of the clinical eeg practice From The Initial Request To The Actual Eeg Recording Eeg Interpretation And The Clinical Report The Two Levels Of The Eeg Recording The Eeg Diagnostic And Taxonomic Criteria Within The 2017 Organization Of Seizures And Epilepsies EEG and clinical classification EEG and aetiological classification Genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsies (gge/ige) Typical Eeg Features - Attributes And Dynamics The generalized spike-wave discharge (GSWD) at >2.5 Hz The GSWD: morphology and distribution Effect of sleep and other activation Generalized spike-wave discharges and typical absences Background activity Non-localizing focal or multifocal spikes Eeg Features That, Despite The Presence Of >2.5-Hz Gswd/Gpswd, May Cast Doubt On A Diagnosis Of Gge/Ige GGE/IGE VS. SECONDARY BILATERAL SYNCHRONY (SBS) Coexistence Of Genetic Generalized And Focal Epilepsy Of Structural Aetiology Syndromes of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Atypical EEG/video EEG features Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for performing or repeating sleep-deprived advanced EEG or prolonged video recording. Juvenile Absence Epilepsy (JAE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Atypical EEG/video EEG features Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SD recording Indications for video telemetry Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness Typical generalized pattern: Other generalized patterns: During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SD recording Indications for video telemetry Other Genetic And Probably Genetic Generalized Epilepsies Epilepsy With Gtcs Alone (Gtcs-A) (Previously Known As Ige With Gtcs On Awakening) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Epilepsy With Phantom Absences (E-PA) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Absence Status Epilepsy (ASE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Eyelid Myoclonia With Or Without Absences (Jeavons Syndrome) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Eyelid myoclonia with or without absences Activation and inhibition Other seizures A note on self-induction (Si) Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Reflex epilepsies Photosensitivity And Visual Sensitivity Overview Classification of EEG responses to iPS The photoparoxysmal response (PPR) Seizures: symptoms and semiology Photosensitivity, visually induced seizures and epilepsy EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges (after visual activation) Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Reading Epilepsy (Including also language epilepsy) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges (activation upon reading) Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced SDEEG FIXATION-OFF SENSITIVITY (FOS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges during wakefulness and sleep Ictal discharges (activation with fixation-off) Recording protocols Both recording levels Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Structural and genetic focal (lobar) syndromes Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) Adult mesial TLE (mTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Adult Neocortical (Lateral) Tle (LatTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Levels of EEG diagnosis Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (fmTLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Autosomal Dominant Partial Epilepsy With Auditory Features Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged video-EEG monitoring Indications for invasive EEG monitoring FRONTAL LOBE EPILEPSIES (FLE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged EEG/ video-EEG telemetry Indications for invasive EEG Occipital Lobe Epilepsies Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges during wakefulness and sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (pmes) Unverricht-Lundborg Disease (ULD) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Lafora Disease (LD) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges During wakefulness During sleep Ictal discharges Levels of EEG diagnosis Neonatal seizures and syndromes Overview Of Neonatal Seizures And Epilepsies Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathies: Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy With Suppression Burst Pattern (Ohtahara Syn... Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Differential diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG recording level Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (BFNE) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features to be high­lighted in the EEG report, which may cast doubts on or eliminate a diagnosis of BFNE Indications for repeating advanced level video-EEG recording Focal Structural Epilepsy Of Neonatal Onset Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level video-EEG recording Infancy/early childhood INFANTILE SPASMS (IS) AND WEST SYNDROME (WS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal abnormalities Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level SD recording Indications for video telemetry Dravet Syndrome (DS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features that may cast doubts on a diagnosis of DS Indications for video-EEG telemetry Myoclonic Epilepsy In Infancy (MEI) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical features Indications for long video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Benign Infantile Epilepsy (BIE) Overview Seizures: symptoms & semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry/ambulatory EEG Epilepsy Of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMFS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Atypical EEG/video-EEG features that may cast doubts or negate the diagnosis of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal se... Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG Childhood Febrile Seizures And Genetic Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus Overview Febrile seizures Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis After a complex FS (focal, prolonged, or repeated) Febrile seizures plus (FS+) EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Levels of EEG diagnosis Benign Childhood Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes (Cts) Or Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for prolonged video-EEG recording (telemetry) Atypical evolution of benign focal epilepsies in childhood PANAYIOTOPOULOS SYNDROME (PS) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced EEG Indication for prolonged video-EEG recording Differential diagnosis Occipital Childhood Epilepsy Of Gastaut (OE-G) Overview Seizure symptoms and semiology Patterns of ictal propagation Associated seizure types EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video telemetry Epilepsy With Myoclonic-Atonic Seizures (EMAS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced video-EEG recording Absence Seizures In The First Three Years Of Life Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for video-EEG telemetry Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for performing or repeating video-EEG recording (advanced level) Epilepsy With Myoclonic Absences (EMA) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Ictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced level EEG Indications for repeating basic level EEG recording Encephalopathy With Electrical Status Epilepticus During Slow Sleep (ESES) Overview Seizures: symptoms and semiology EEG Background Interictal discharges Recording protocols Basic level Advanced level Levels of EEG diagnosis Indications for repeating advanced recording level Indications for repeating basic level recording Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) Overview Epileptic aphasia and seizure symptoms and semiology EEG Background Recording protocols and diagnostic levels Structural focal epilepsies in infancy and early and late childhood References Quatrième de couverture An updated version of the ILAE classification and the differential diagnosis of epilepsies, written by international experts in clinical epileptology and EEG. The book covers the clinical and EEG features as well as the recording protocols of all paediatric and adult epilepsy syndromes, rates diagnostic confidence according to the findings in hand and the available clinical information. The combination of the clinical EEG information, its dynamic layout and the 150 EEGs makes this book a reference guide in daily clinical practice for all electroencephalographers, epileptologists, general and child neurologists, EEG technologists and epilepsy nurses