The Rise of the Intelligent Health System (Intelligent Health Series)

"I recommend that all members of the health community read this book to obtain a real snapshot of how the Intelligent Health System is being transformed via new technologies."Chris Landon MD FAAP, FCCP, FRSMClinical Associate Professor USC Keck School of MedicineTechnology Development Center Laboratory and StudioThe "Intelligent Health Pavilion" as demonstrated at the annual HIMSS Conference by the Intelligent Health Association is the impetus for this book.This book documents the remarkable journey of "Intelligent Health System" and the adoption of Innovative technologies. Many showcased in real time on the trade show floor and now in this book: "The Rise of the Intelligent Health System". In each chapter of this book, authors are expressing the immense potential of merging cutting-edge technology with the complex realm of patient care and safety. The informative chapters in this book delve deep into the unfolding story of how hospitals have evolved into interactive, intelligent environments, driven by real-time data and powered by artificial intelligence.In what seems like the blink of an eye, technology has completely transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. From smartphones to self-driving cars, ChatGPT, wireless technologies, wearables, and many other innovations are reshaping our society, pushing the boundaries of what was once considered impossible. However, nowhere is the impact of technology more profound than in the field of healthcare. Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Contents Foreword About the Intelligent Health Book Series About the Authors About the Contributors Chapter 1. The Rise of the Intelligent Health Consumer The Rise of Intelligent Health Systems Digital Transformation Is the Onramp for Intelligent Health There Are No Swim Lanes in the Blue Ocean The Consumerization of Health AI Is the New UI Employee Experiences Will Be as Important as the Customer Experiences Intelligent Health Is a New Journey Sidebar: The DNA of Intelligent Health Systems - An Interview with Harry P. Pappas, CEO, Intelligent Health Association Notes Chapter 2. Fundamentals of the Intelligent Health System Introduction Drivers for Hospital Intelligence Objectives of the Intelligent Health System Integrating Enabling Technologies into Patient Care Environment Components of the Intelligent Health System Advanced Medical Systems, Devices, Transducers, and Sensors Complex Medical Data Systems: Physiological Monitoring Network and Wireless Infrastructure Time Synchronization Mobile IoT Devices Patient-Centric Identification and Association Connectivity, Interoperability, and Integration Advanced Communications and Point-of-Care Clinical Data Delivery Real-Time Location Systems RFID/RTLS Enabled Applications Supply Chain, Inventory Control, and Management Device Tracking and Visualization Asset Visualization Utilization Statistics Process Verification and Validation Workflow Metrics and Optimization Technology Management and Support in the Intelligent Health System Management of Big Data Cybersecurity Evolving 3D Technologies Enable Patient-Specific Clinical Treatment Solutions Surgical 3D Printing Applications Conclusion References Chapter 3. Visibility in Healthcare with IoHT Introduction IoT Platform IoT and Healthcare IoHT Devices Evolution of IoHT in Healthcare Medical Adherence Blood Banks Device Monitoring: Defibrillators/Heart Monitors/Pacemakers Remote Patient Monitoring Remote Care Telemedicine Caregiver IoHT and COVID-19 Robots Medical Delivery Drone Telerobots Autonomous Robot Buildings are undergoing changes with COVID-19 IoHT and Wellness IoHT and AI Predicting Diseases - Potential Use Cases IoHT and 5G IoHT and Cyber Security Conclusion Chapter 4. Medical Device Security Program for a Healthcare Delivery Organization The Program Asset Inventory and Management Procurement Risk Management Vulnerability and Patch Management Audit Network Architecture and Segmentation Incident Detection, Response, and Mitigation Secure Configuration and Deployment Governance Vendor Management Training and Measures for Success ROI Indicators Mobile Medical Devices - Unique Considerations Chapter 5. Wearable Devices and Remote Patient Monitoring Use Cases in Healthcare Patches for Glucose Monitoring Insulin Pumps Patches on the Chest for Cardiac Monitoring Watches for Cardiac Monitoring Implanted Cardiac Monitors In Hospital Monitoring Sleep Monitors Hearables Stimulation to Treat Disease or Pain EEG Monitoring Magnetic Field on Head to Stop Migraines Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Glasses Physiological Sensors Used in Wearable Devices Body Temperature Measurement Motion Measurement Heart Rate Measurement Blood Oxygen Measurement ECG, EEG, and EMG Measurement Respiration Rate Measurement Blood Pressure Measurement Blood Glucose Measurement Batteries Wireless Communication for Wearable Devices Adhesives for Attachment References Chapter 6. Explosion of Robotics in Healthcare Beginning Technologies Applications Surgeon Assistance Assistive Guides Surgeon Waldos Programmable Automata Motorized Laparoscopy Microbots AI Guided Clinician Assistance Rehabilitation Robots Pain Relief Transport Patients Patient Assistance Exoskeletons Prostheses Companions Mobile and Remote Services Sterilization Logistics Navigation Assistance Telemedicine Hazardous Contact Training Smart Manikins Anatomical Replicas Industrial Automation Pharmacy Laboratory Advantages Disadvantages and Concerns Adoption Factors Future Direction Patient Outcomes New Technology Inclusive Regulations Social Acceptance Labor Shortages Falling Costs Bibliography Chapter 7. RFID in Healthcare The History of Radio-Frequency Identification Technology How Does RFID Work? RFID Readers and Antennas RFID Reader Types Active, Passive, and Semi-Active RFID Readers Active RFID Readers Passive RFID Readers Semi-Active RFID Readers RFID Antenna Types RFID Technology Types Active RFID tags Passive RFID Tags Semi-Active RFID Tags RFID Tags According to Frequency Low-Frequency (LF) RFID Tags High-Frequency (HF) RFID Tags Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) RFID Tags RFID Tags According to Memory Capacity Read-Only RFID Tags Write-Once/Read-Many (WORM) RFID Tags Read/Write RFID Tags Phased Array Antennas Phased Array RFID Antennas Phased Array RFID Antennas in Healthcare Patient Tracking and Identification Asset Management Staff Tracking RFID Technology in Healthcare Impact of RFID Technology in Healthcare Patient Identification and Safety Inventory Management Asset Tracking and Tracing Data Management Quality Control in the Healthcare Industry Monitoring Critical Systems Personnel Management Rapid Device Recalls and Sunsetting Standards Differentiates Your Assets from Consignment Inventory Loss Prevention How Does RFID Asset Management Help Hospitals? Asset Tagging for Check-In Check-Out Process RFID-Enabled Asset Tracking for Preventative Maintenance Use Analytics to Make Effective Decisions Real-Time Tracking of Medical Devices How RFIDs Improve Patient Safety and Hospital Workflow Enhancing Infant Safety Improving Hospital Workflow Reducing Medication Errors Using Tags to Monitor Temperature for Supply Storage How to Choose the Right RFID? What Are You Trying to Track and Trace? What Is Your Budget? What Are Your Space Constraints? What Is the Level of Security Needed? Do You Need Global Tracking or Just Tracking within Your Facility? Polarization Gain References Chapter 8. Developing an Institutional RFID-RTLS Strategy and Management Plan Introduction Strategic Planning and Design Return on Investment (ROI) Leveraging of Existing Infrastructure and Alternative Technologies Design and Pre-Deployment Analysis, Evaluation, and Pilot Studies Network Impact Interference RFID Clinical Application Pilot Studies III: RFID Program: Applications (Use Cases) Use Cases Use Case: Device Tracking - Grant Audit Device Verification Use Case: Regulatory Inventory Validation and PM Compliance Use Case: Regulatory: Critical Device Tracking and Availability Use Case: Optimizing Patient Care Identifying Available Infusion Systems Use Case: Device Optimization - Infusion System Utilization Use Case: Patient Safety - Validating IV Formulary Use Case: Patient Satisfaction and Safety Workflow Optimization RTLS Management and Maintenance Methodology Application Integrity Tag Management Battery Change Protocol Application Development and Reporting Conclusions References Chapter 9. The Role of Real-Time Location Systems in Ambulatory Care Background and Challenges Impact on Patient Volumes and Revenues Impact on Workforce Impact on Workflow and Operations Solution Real-Time Tools The Need to Eliminate a Physical Waiting Room and Create Virtual Waiting Rooms Streamlined Door-to-Exam Patient Flow Use of RTLS Data to Improve Staff Workflow and Improve Patient Throughput Contact Tracing to Aid in Mitigating Post-COVID-19 Concerns Staying Connected to Families and Visitors Summary References Chapter 10. Informatics and Analytics Legacy Analytics in Healthcare From DRGs to Value-Based Care AI in Healthcare: The Holy Grail? Chatbots Voice Recognition Imaging Predictive Analytics Barriers to Implementing Predictive Analytics Data Issues People Issues Process Issues Clinical Data Quality Genomics and Clinical Decision Support Impact of COVID-19 on Data Analytics Bibliography Chapter 11. Intelligent Healthcare Use of Germicidal Ultraviolet "C" (UVC) Light Introduction What Is Germicidal UVC Light? Current UVC-Generating Technologies UVC Measurement and Specific Pathogen Susceptibility Units of UVC Measurement UVC Measurement Devices UVC Susceptibilities of Common Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) Pathogens UVC Safety Effects and Mitigation of UVC on Humans Effects and Mitigation of UVC on Hospital Surfaces The Physics of UVC Drives Optimal Device Design UVC Distance to Target UVC Angle of Incidence Line of Sight, Shadows, and Poor Reflection The Canyon Wall Effect UVC Transmission and Absorption by Common Materials Current Healthcare UVC Emitter Configurations Limitations of UVC Consequences of the Lack of Standards and Regulations UVC versus Chemical Disinfection References Chapter 12. Optimizing Infection Control and Hand Hygiene Introduction Hand Hygiene Masks Room Cleaning Staff Conclusion Case Study: Orbel - Improving the Habit of Hand Hygiene Increasing Compliance at Hospitals Restaurants, Retail, and Hospitality Spreading the Solution: Orbel Distribution Grows Note Chapter 13. Hospital at Home: Transformation of an Old Model with Digital Technology Drivers for Change The Role of the Veterans Administration Finding Traction in Academia Technology Entering the Home Digital Solutions Solving Management Gaps Overcoming Systemic Challenges Care Model Execution The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Future Challenges Conclusions References Chapter 14. The Digital OR Overview Digital Transformation Shaping the Future of the Medical Technology Industry Evolving Medical Device Business Model: Shifting Focus from Selling Devices to Intelligent Solutions Challenges in the Operating Room OR: An Important Profit Center Digital Technology and Solutions Addressing Critical Pain Points in the OR Building Blocks Promoting Efficiency in the OR Critical Pain Points Digital Technologies and Solutions Addressing Complexity and Process Status of the OR Challenges in the Pre-Pandemic Period Future Trends of the OR Near-Term Trends in the OR What Does the Ideal OR Look Like in the Future? Chapter 15. Techquity References Appendix I. Glossary of Terms Index Over the last decade the changing healthcare environment has driven hospitals to critically evaluate and optimize their operations to enhance patient treatment and care. Hospitals have moved to support an increasing outpatient care environment, driving an increased in-patient acuity levels. At many institutions these changes have been accompanied with regulatory and financial constraints impacting capital and operating budgets as well as impacting staffing. Specific hospital wide initiatives, such as the Joint Commissions patient safety goals, electronic medical record and meaning full use have driven institutions to re-design their operations to create what has been defined as the Intelligent Hospital. To deal with the complexity of patient care workflows, enhance patient diagnosis, treatment, care, safety and satisfaction, home health and telemedicine the design of Intelligent Hospitals has focused on the integration of diverse technologies, to provide a seamless exchange of information. This book outlines the technologies and clinical applications which constitute the fundamentals of the Intelligent Hospital and the technologies that support patient care and health management across a spectrum of healthcare environments, the home, remote offices and treatment facilities and the hospital itself. The book will introduce the changing environment of care resulting in new distributions of patients across a broad spectrum of the patient acuity and care environments, including the Intelligent Hospital; supporting treatment areas, such as the OR, Radiation Therapy, interventional radiology, patient care areas, such as the ICU, ambulatory / telemetry as well as all supporting functionality, including infection control, laboratory medicine, pathology, biomedical engineering, Informatics and Information Technology; I-Home supporting networked dynamically interact with the technologies and application in a variety of care settings. These include the traditional patient care and treatment environments, such as the OR, ICU, Trauma ED, Labor and Delivery, as well as Outpatient Center, Digital Hospital supply chain suite, advanced Biomedical Engineering and the i-HOME (i.e. Connected Smart Home/Intelligent Medical Home). Telemedicine systems, sensors and transducer to enable complex and seamless patient monitoring at home; as well as series of remote healthcare environments, including the office, and same day treatment areas. Each chapter will describe the fundamentals of integrating diverse technologies and clinical systems to create a seamless environment enabling data to be share across the complete spectrum care environment, starting from the ambulance, through the emergency room, diagnostics, treatment and recovery in the hospital to the home environment. As summarized in the table of contents the book will highlight and detail specific topics, including medical devices and applications, robotic, supply management, location-based services, artificial intelligence, etc., focusing on connectivity, integrations and architecture to create a seamless environment. dynamically interact with the technologies and application in a variety of care settings. These include the traditional patient care and treatment environments, such as the OR, ICU, Trauma ED, Labor and Delivery, as well as Outpatient Center, Digital Hospital supply chain suite, advanced Biomedical Engineering and the i-HOME (i.e. Connected Smart Home/Intelligent Medical Home). 'I recommend that all members of the health community read this book to obtain a real snapshot of how the Intelligent Health System is being transformed via new technologies.'Chris Landon MD FAAP, FCCP, FRSMClinical Associate Professor USC Keck School of MedicineTechnology Development Center Laboratory and StudioThe'Intelligent Health Pavilion'as demonstrated at the annual HIMSS Conference by the Intelligent Health Association is the impetus for this book. This book documents the remarkable journey of'Intelligent Health System'and the adoption of Innovative technologies. Many showcased in real time on the trade show floor and now in this book:'The Rise of the Intelligent Health System'. In each chapter of this book, authors are expressing the immense potential of merging cutting-edge technology with the complex realm of patient care and safety. The informative chapters in this book delve deep into the unfolding story of how hospitals have evolved into interactive, intelligent environments, driven by real-time data and powered by artificial intelligence. In what seems like the blink of an eye, technology has completely transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. From smartphones to self-driving cars, ChatGPT, wireless technologies, wearables, and many other innovations are reshaping our society, pushing the boundaries of what was once considered impossible. However, nowhere is the impact of technology more profound than in the field of healthcare.