حقوق بیگانگان: نظریه‌های مهمان‌نوازی بین‌المللی، جامعه جهانی و عدالت سیاسی از زمان ویتوریا

This study investigates the thinking of European authors, from Vitoria to Kant, about political justice, the global community, and international hospitality as one special form of interaction among individuals of divergent societies, political communities, and cultures. In response to the requirements of a globalized international community, some philosophers - often influenced by Rawls - have constructed theories of political justice distinct from utilitarian approaches, legal positivism, or historicist contexualization - however, this search for a universal and globally applicable moral standard is often rejected as naive and potentially dangerous. In certain cases, the insistence of state sovereignty and communal integrity is mistaken if basic human rights are involved. Apart from attempting the delinneate basic human rights and the state's liberty to specify them, this text also considers the global commonwealth and issues of community and morality that arise when issues of hospitality and belonging are considered. This study investigates the thinking of European authors from Vitoria to Kant about political justice, the global community, and the rights of strangers as one special form of interaction among individuals of divergent societies, political communities, and cultures. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it covers historical material from a predominantly philosophical perspective, interpreting authors who have tackled problems related to the rights of strangers under the heading of international hospitality. Their analyses of the civitas maxima or the societas humani generis covered the nature of the global commonwealth. Their doctrines of natural law (ius naturae) were supposed to provide what we nowadays call theories of political justice. The focus of the work is on international hospitality as part of the law of nations, on its scope and justification. It follows the political ideas of Francisco de Vitoria and the Second Scholastic in the 16th century, of Alberico Gentili, Hugo Grotius, Samuel Pufendorf, Christian Wolff, Emer de Vattel, Johann Jacob Moser, and Immanuel Kant. It draws attention to the international dimension of political thought in Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Adam Smith, and others. This is predominantly a study in intellectual history which contextualizes ideas, but also emphasizes their systematic relevance. This study investigates the thinking of European authors from Vitoria to Kant about political justice, the global community, and international hospitality as one special form of interaction among individuals of divergent societies, political communities, and cultures. The argument is presented in an interdisciplinary manner, covering historical material from a philosophical perspective. Iustitia, Cosmopolis And Hospitalitas -- Vitoria And The Second Scholastic -- Age Of Hugo Grotius -- In The Shadow Of Leviathan: Hobbes To Wolff -- Age Of Enlightenment -- Kant And The Ius Cosmopoliticum. Georg Cavallar. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 403-415) And Index.