The Respiratory Tract in Pediatric Critical Illness and Injury

The field of critical care medicine is in the midst of a dramatic change. Technological and scientific advances during the last decade have resulted in a fundamental change in the way we view disease processes, such as sepsis, shock, acute lung injury, and traumatic brain injury. Pediatric intensivists have been both witness to and active participants in bringing about these changes and it is imperative that all physicians caring for critically ill children in this new era have a thorough understanding of the applicability of these modern developments to the care of patients at the bedside and to keep up with the rapidly evolving field of critical care medicine. The respiratory system is unique in that it is constantly exposed to a barrage of foreign substances from both the internal and external environment. Many diseases affect the pediatric respiratory system, a large number of whom are not associated with acute respiratory failure. Nevertheless, these constitute a major portion of the practice of pediatric critical care medicine and can account for significant morbidity and mortality. __The Respiratory Tract in Pediatric Critical Illness and Injury__ has been written by an international panel of experts to provide an in-depth review of respiratory disease in the critically ill or injured child. This book is therefore an ideal reference for all involved in the management of the pediatric critically ill patient, from physicians, residents and fellows in critical care, pulmonology, and cardiology, and pediatricians to specialist nurses and support personnel on the pediatric intensive care unit and all medical professionals who are involved in the management of these patients. The principal role of the respiratory system is to permit ef? cient exchange of respiratory gases (O and CO ) with the environment. The respiratory system is unique in that it is constantly 2 2 exposed to a barrage of foreign substances from both the internal environment (at any one point in time, approximately one-half of the cardiac output is received by the lungs) and the external environment (with each breath, the respiratory tract is exposed to pollens, viruses, bacteria, smoke, etc). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, diseases of the res- ratory system were the seventh and eighth leading causes of deaths in children aged 1 to 19 years in 2003 [1]. Dr. George A. Gregory, one of the founding fathers of pediatric critical care me- cine, once estimated that acute respiratory failure accounts for nearly 50% of all admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) [2]. Just as important are the many diseases that affect the respiratory system that are not associated with acute respiratory failure, but nevertheless constitute a major portion of the practice of pediatric critical care medicine, some of which account for signi? cant morbidity and mortality [3]. Once again, we would like to dedicate this textbook to our families and to the physicians and nurses who provide steadfast care every day in pediatric intensive care units across the globe. Derek S. Wheeler Hector R. Wong Thomas P. This Text Provides Comprehensive Information On Resuscitation And Stabilization Of A Critically Ill Child In A Repackaging Of The Relavent Chapters From The Popular 'pediatric Critical Care Medicine' Edited By Wheeler, Shanley And Wong. Respiratory Physiology -- Disorders Of The Pediatric Chest -- Respiratory Monitoring -- Bronchoscopy In The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit -- Acute Lung Injury And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome -- Mechanical Ventilation -- Ventilator-induced Lung Injury -- Prone Positioning -- High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation -- Pulmonary Surfactant: Biology And Therapy -- Nitric Oxide -- Extracorporeal Life Support For Children With Acute Respiratory Failure -- Diseases Of The Upper Respiratory Tract -- Congenital Airway And Respiratory Tract Anomalies -- Status Asthmaticus -- Bronchiolitis -- Pneumonia And Empyema -- Pediatric Lung Transplantation -- Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure -- Diseases Of The Pulmonary Vascular System. Derek S. Wheeler, Hector R. Wong, And Thomas P. Shanley (eds.). First Published In 2007 As Part Of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Edited By Derek S. Wheeler, Hector R. Wong, And Thomas P. Shanley--t.p. Verso. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages 1-11 Respiratory Physiology....Pages 1-12 Disorders of the Pediatric Chest....Pages 1-15 Respiratory Monitoring....Pages 1-14 Bronchoscopy in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit....Pages 1-5 Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome....Pages 1-17 Mechanical Ventilation....Pages 1-14 Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury....Pages 1-6 Prone Positioning....Pages 1-10 High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation....Pages 1-11 Pulmonary Surfactant: Biology and Therapy....Pages 1-14 Nitric Oxide....Pages 1-6 Extracorporeal Life Support for Children with Acute Respiratory Failure....Pages 1-12 Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract....Pages 1-21 Congenital Airway and Respiratory Tract Anomalies....Pages 1-6 Status Asthmaticus....Pages 1-25 Bronchiolitis....Pages 1-7 Pneumonia and Empyema....Pages 1-10 Pediatric Lung Transplantation....Pages 1-6 Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure....Pages 1-10 Diseases of the Pulmonary Vascular System....Pages 1-18 Back Matter....Pages 1-7 This text contains major sections dedicated to specific organ systems. Each section consists of separate chapters dedicated to reviewing the specific disease processes affecting each organ system. It is useful for those studying towards pediatric critical care examinations and those who are already qualified. A comprehensive textbook of pediatric critical care medicine and an evidence-based pediatric critical care textbook. Here, each major section consists of separate chapters dedicated to reviewing the specific disease processes affecting each organ system. This book provides comprehensive information on the respiratory tract in pediatric critical illness and injury in a repackaging of the relevant chapters from the popular "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine" edited by Wheeler, Shanley and Wong