The Remaking of the Medieval World, 1204 (Reacting to the PastTM)

The Remaking of the Medieval World, 1204 allows students to understand and experience one of the greatest medieval atrocities, the sack of the Constantinople by a crusader army, and the subsequent reshaping of the Byzantine Empire. The game includes debates on issues such as "just war" and the nature of crusading, feudalism, trade rights, and the relationship between secular and religious authority. It likewise explores the theological issues at the heart of the East-West Schism and the development of constitutional states in the era of Magna Carta. The game also includes a model siege and sack of Constantinople where individual students' actions shape the fate of the crusade for everyone. Cover 1 Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Contents 8 Part One: Game Overview 12 Prologue: Murder in Constantinople 14 How to Play this Game 16 1. Game Setup 16 2. Game Play 17 3. Game Requirements 18 4. Skill Development 18 Counterfactuals 20 Part Two: Historical Background 22 Timeline of the Fourth Crusade 24 From Constantine to the Crusades: The Road to 1204 26 Part Three: The Game 38 Overview of Game Structure 40 The Game in Three Phases 40 Rules and Procedures 40 Major Issues for Debate 42 Should the Crusaders Attack Constantinople? 42 The Two Swords Doctrine 43 Resolving the Schism 44 Part Four: Roles and Factions 46 Factions 48 Indeterminates 50 Character Biographies 51 Northern French Faction 51 Imperial Faction 52 Venetian Faction 52 Clerical Faction 53 Indeterminates 53 Part Five: Primary Sources 56 Prefatory Sources: The Two Swords Letter of Gelasius and Unam Sanctam 58 1. Letter of Pope Gelasius to Emperor Anastasius on the Superiority of the Spiritual over Temporal Power (494) 59 2. Pope Boniface VIII on the Primacy of the Papacy (1302) 59 Section One: Crusades and Just Wars 62 1. Innocent III’s Calling of the Fourth Crusade (1198) 62 2. The Lambrecht Rite for Departing Crusaders 66 3. “Now One Can Know and Prove,” a Poem by Raimbaut da Vaqueiras on Loyalty and the Fourth Crusade (c. 1203/4) 70 4. Gratian’s Decretum on the Rules of War 71 5. Innocent III Criticizes the Crusade after the Attack on Zara (December 1202) 76 Section Two: “Feudalism” and Pronoia 79 1. Homage and Fealty to the Count of Flanders (1127) 80 2. The Function of Knighthood by John of Salisbury (c. 1159) 80 3. The Chivalric Ideal by Díaz de Gámez (c. 1402, Based on Earlier Models 81 4. The Coronation (1189) of King Richard the Lionheart by Roger of Howden (c. 1200) 81 5. A Grant of Pronoia to Michael Saventzes (1321) 83 Section Three: The Venetian Republic 85 1. Marino Sanudo’s Description of Venice 85 2. The Chrysobull of 1082 88 3. Martino da Canale’s History of Venice (c. 1270) 89 Section Four: The Greek and Latin Churches in Conflict 95 1. Pope Nicholas I’s Affirmation of Papal Supremacy over the Eastern Church (865/6) 96 2. Photius Charges Rome with Doctrinal Deviation (867) 96 3. The Patriarch of Constantinople’s Spokesman Criticizes Latin Religious Practices (1054) 97 4. The Byzantine Bishop of Nicomedia’s Moderate Views on Papal Primacy (1036) 98 5. Odo of Deuil’s View of the Greek Church in the Mid-Twelfth Century 99 6. Greek Citizens under Latin Rule Propose a Dual Patriarchate (c. 1210) 99 7. The Greek Patriarch Anthony Defends the Role of the Emperor in the Church (1395) 100 8. An Account of the Attacks of Emperor Andronicus on the Latins of Constantinople in the 1180s 101 9. Robert of Clari’s Description of Constantinople (1204) 102 Part Six: Suggestions for Further Reading and Glossary 106 Suggestions for Further Reading 108 Glossary 110 Back Cover 114