روانشناسی شوخی: رویکردی یکپارچه

Most of us laugh at something funny multiple times during a typical day. Humor serves multiple purposes, and although there is a sizable and expanding research literature on the subject, the research is spread in a variety of disciplines.__The Psychology of Humor__, 2e reviews the literature, integrating research from across subdisciplines in psychology, as well as related fields such as anthropology, biology, computer science, linguistics, sociology, and more. This book begins by defining humor and presenting theories of humor. Later chapters cover cognitive processes involved in humor and the effects of humor on cognition. Individual differences in personality and humor are identified as well as the physiology of humor, the social functions of humor, and how humor develops and changes over the lifespan. This book concludes noting the association of humor with physical and mental health, and outlines applications of humor use in psychotherapy, education, and the workplace.In addition to being fully updated with recent research, the second edition includes a variety of new materials. More graphs, tables, and figures now illustrate concepts, processes, and theories. It provides new brief interviews with prominent humor scholars via text boxes. The end of each chapter now includes a list of key concepts, critical thinking questions, and a list of resources for further reading.Covers research on humor and laughter in every area of psychologyIntegrates research findings into a coherent conceptual frameworkIncludes brain imaging studies, evolutionary models, and animal researchIntegrates related information from sociology, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropologyExplores applications of humor in psychotherapy, education, and the workplaceProvides new research, plus key concepts and chapter summaries Front Cover The Psychology of Humor Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Introduction to the Psychology of Humor What Is Humor? Cognitive-Perceptual Processes in Humor Mirth: The Emotional Response to Perceptions of Humor Laughter: The Behavioral Response to Perceptions of Humor A Brief History of Humor-Related Concepts Etymology of Humor Changing Views of Laughter Wit Versus Humor Evolution of the Concept of Sense of Humor The Psychological Approach Trends in the Psychological Study of Humor The Many Forms of Humor Performance Humor Jokes Spontaneous Conversational Humor Unintentional Humor Humor in Psychology Studies Psychological Functions of Humor Emotional and Interpersonal Benefits of Mirth Tension Relief and Coping with Adversity Social Functions in Group Contexts Summary and Overview of This Book Key Concepts Critical Thinking 2 Classic Theories of Humor Relief Theories Spencer’s Relief Theory Empirical Investigations Evaluation Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Jokes Humor Comic Empirical Investigations Humor Preference Hypothesis Catharsis Hypothesis Jokework Hypothesis Evaluation Superiority Theories Empirical Investigations Evaluation Incongruity Theories Incongruity-Resolution The “Humor Mindset” Empirical Investigations Incongruity-Resolution Hypothesis Original Joke Incongruity-Removed Joke Resolution-Removed Joke Humor Mindset Hypothesis Surprise Hypothesis Evaluation Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 3 Contemporary Theories of Humor Reversal Theory Motivational States and Arousal Cognitive Synergy and Diminishment The Role of Context Empirical Investigations Evaluation Comprehension-Elaboration Theory Comprehension: Interpretation, Incongruity, and Reinterpretation Humor Elicitation: Diminishment, Comprehension Difficulty, and Elaboration Empirical Investigations Comprehension and Elaboration Comprehension Difficulty Evaluation Benign Violation Theory The Benign Violation Hypothesis Humor: Perceiving Violations as Benign Empirical Investigations Perceiving a Benign Violation: Wrong and Not Wrong at the Same Time Perceiving a Benign Violation: Commitment to the Violated Norm Perceiving a Benign Violation: Psychological Distance From the Violation Benign Violations Versus Incongruity Evaluation Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 4 The Personality Psychology of Humor What Is Sense of Humor? Individual Differences in Humor Appreciation Theory-Based Approach Early Factor Analysis Approach Ruch’s Factor Analysis Approach: The 3 WD Humor Test Personality Correlates of the 3 WD Dimensions Carretero-Dios’ Extension of Ruch’s 3 WD Humor Test Individual Differences in the Use of Humor in Daily Life Sense of Humor Questionnaire Situational Humor Response Questionnaire Coping Humor Scale Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale Need for Humor Scale State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory Humor Styles Questionnaire How Many Different Senses of Humor Are There? Personality Characteristics of Professional Comedians Gelotophobia: Individual Differences in Perceptions of Laughter as Ridicule What Is Gelotophobia? Assessment Research Model: Causes and Consequences of Gelotophobia Extensions of Gelotophobia: Gelotophilia and Katagelasticism Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 5 The Cognitive Psychology of Humor Cognitive Methods in the Study of Humor Semantic Distance Semantic Priming Cognitive Processes in Conversational Humor: Irony and Sarcasm Linguistic Approaches to Humor Computational Approaches to Humor Effects of Humor on Cognition Creativity Memory Humor as a Cognitive Ability Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 6 The Physiological Psychology of Humor and Laughter The Nature of Laughter Laughter and Emotion Facial Expressions of Laughter and Smiling Acoustics of Laughter Pathological Laughter Excessive Laughter Forced Laughter Gelastic Laughter Laughter in Animals The “Play Face” and Laughter in Primates “Laughter” in Rats? Where Does Humor Occur in the Brain? Cognitive Processes of Humor Right Hemisphere Versus Left Hemisphere Specific Brain Structures Responsible for Detecting and Resolving Incongruity Mirth: Emotional Experience of Humor Laughter: The Behavioral Expression of Humor Evolutionary Psychology of Humor and Laughter Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 7 The Developmental Psychology of Humor Smiling and Laughter in Infancy and Early Childhood Humor and Play Humor and Cognitive Development McGhee’s Four-Stage Model of Humor Development The Role of Incongruity and Resolution in Children’s Humor Humor and Cognitive Mastery Cognitive Development of Irony and Sarcasm Humor as Emotional Coping Social Underpinnings of Humor in Children Social Influences on Humor Appreciation and Laughter Teasing Among Children Individual Differences in Children’s Sense of Humor Measuring Humor Styles in Children Genetic Influences on Sense of Humor Family Environment Factors in Sense of Humor Development Personality and Behavioral Correlates of Children’s Sense of Humor Humor and Aging Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 8 The Social Psychology of Humor Individual Social Psychological Processes Humor and Persuasion Humor and Social Perception Interpersonal Relationships Interpersonal Attraction Relationship Satisfaction Group Processes Social Control Status and Hierarchy Maintenance Group Identity and Cohesion Intergroup Relations Disparagement Humor as an Initiator of Prejudice Disparagement Humor as a “Releaser” of Prejudice Disparagement Humor as Subversion of Prejudice Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 9 The Clinical Psychology of Humor: Humor and Mental Health Relationship Between Humor and Psychological Wellbeing Humor Directly Relates to More Positive Psychological Wellbeing Experimental Research Clinical Research: The Effectiveness of Humor Interventions Correlational Research Humor Helps People Cope With Stressful Events Experimental Research Correlational Research Humor Facilitates Healthy Relationships Humor in Psychotherapy and Counseling Humor as Therapy Humor as a Specific Therapeutic Technique Humor as a Communication Skill Research on Humor in the Therapeutic Process Risks of Humor in Psychotherapy Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 10 The Health Psychology of Humor: Humor and Physical Health Humor and Pain Threshold and Tolerance Empirical Research Humor and Immunity Experimental Research Correlational Research Humor, Blood Pressure, and Heart Disease Humor and Illness Symptoms Humor and Longevity Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking 11 Applications of Humor in Education and in the Workplace Humor in Education How Often and in What Ways Do Teachers Use Humor in the Classroom? Does Humor Affect Students’ Perceptions of the Classroom Environment? Does Humor Improve Students’ Ability to Attend to, Learn, and Retain Information? Does Humor Reduce Anxiety and Improve Test Performance? Does Humor in Textbooks Help Students Learn the Material? Caveats in the Use of Humor in Education Summary Humor in the Workplace Humor and Organizational Culture Positive Humor Climate and Organizational Culture Negative Humor Climate and Organizational Culture Humor in Leadership Summary and Conclusion Key Concepts Critical Thinking Bibliography Author Index Subject Index Back Cover

Most of us laugh at something funny multiple times during a typical day. Humor serves multiple purposes, and although there is a sizable and expanding research literature on the subject, the research is spread in a variety of disciplines. The Psychology of Humor, 2e reviews the literature, integrating research from across subdisciplines in psychology, as well as related fields such as anthropology, biology, computer science, linguistics, sociology, and more. This book begins by defining humor and presenting theories of humor. Later chapters cover cognitive processes involved in humor and the effects of humor on cognition. Individual differences in personality and humor are identified as well as the physiology of humor, the social functions of humor, and how humor develops and changes over the lifespan. This book concludes noting the association of humor with physical and mental health, and outlines applications of humor use in psychotherapy, education, and the workplace.

In addition to being fully updated with recent research, the second edition includes a variety of new materials. More graphs, tables, and figures now illustrate concepts, processes, and theories. It provides new brief interviews with prominent humor scholars via text boxes. The end of each chapter now includes a list of key concepts, critical thinking questions, and a list of resources for further reading.

• Covers research on humor and laughter in every area of psychology
• Integrates research findings into a coherent conceptual framework
• Includes brain imaging studies, evolutionary models, and animal research
• Integrates related information from sociology, linguistics, neuroscience, and anthropology
• Explores applications of humor in psychotherapy, education, and the workplace
• Provides new research, plus key concepts and chapter summaries

La mayoría de nosotros nos reímos de algo gracioso varias veces en un día normal. El humor sirve para múltiples propósitos, y hay una literatura de investigación considerable y en expansión sobre el tema en una variedad de disciplinas. The Psychology of Humor 2a ed., revisa la literatura, integrando la investigación de todas las subdisciplinas de la psicología, así como de campos relacionados como la antropología, la biología, la informática, la lingüística, la sociología y otros. Este libro comienza definiendo el humor y presentando las teorías del humor. En capítulos posteriores se tratan los procesos cognitivos implicados en el humor y los efectos del humor en la cognición. Se identifican las diferencias individuales en la personalidad y el humor, así como la fisiología del humor, las funciones sociales del humor y cómo se desarrolla y cambia el humor a lo largo de la vida. Este libro concluye señalando la asociación del humor con la salud física y mental, y esboza las aplicaciones del uso del humor en la psicoterapia, la educación y el lugar de trabajo. Además de estar completamente actualizada con investigaciones recientes, la segunda edición incluye una variedad de materiales nuevos. Más gráficos, tablas y figuras ilustran ahora conceptos, procesos y teorías. Ofrece nuevas entrevistas breves con destacados estudiosos del humor a través de cuadros de texto. Al final de cada capítulo se incluye una lista de conceptos clave, preguntas de pensamiento crítico y una lista de recursos para lecturas adicionales "Most of us laugh at something funny multiple times during a typical day. Humor serves multiple purposes, and although there is a sizable and expanding research literature on the subject, the research is spread in a variety of disciplines. The Psychology of Humor, 2e reviews the literature, integrating research from across subdisciplines in psychology, as well as related fields such as anthropology, biology, computer science, linguistics, sociology, and more. This book begins by defining humor and presenting theories of humor. Later chapters cover cognitive processes involved in humor and the effects of humor on cognition. Individual differences in personality and humor are identified as well as the physiology of humor, the social functions of humor, and how humor develops and changes over the lifespan. This book concludes noting the association of humor with physical and mental health, and outlines applications of humor use in psychotherapy, education, and the workplace. In addition to being fully updated with recent research, the second edition includes a variety of new materials. More graphs, tables, and figures now illustrate concepts, processes, and theories. It provides new brief interviews with prominent humor scholars via text boxes. The end of each chapter now includes a list of key concepts, critical thinking questions, and a list of resources for further reading."--Quatrième de couverture Most of us laugh at something funny multiple times during a typical day. Humor serves multiple purposes, and although there is a sizable and expanding research literature on the subject, the research is spread in a variety of disciplines. The Psychology of Humor, 2e reviews the literature, integrating research from across subdisciplines in psychology, as well as related fields such as anthropology, biology, computer science, linguistics, sociology, and more. This book begins by defining humor and presenting theories of humor. Later chapters cover cognitive processes involved in humor and the effects of humor on cognition. Individual differences in personality and humor are identified as well as the physiology of humor, the social functions of humor, and how humor develops and changes over the lifespan. This book concludes noting the association of humor with physical and mental health, and outlines applications of humor use in psychotherapy, education, and the workplace. In addition to being fully updated with recent research, the second edition includes a variety of new materials. More graphs, tables, and figures now illustrate concepts, processes, and theories. It provides new brief interviews with prominent humor scholars via text boxes. The end of each chapter now includes a list of key concepts, critical thinking questions, and a list of resources for further reading.--Back cover