The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan

The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan is the first book to address risk and resilience factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a developmental perspective. Similarities and differences in risk factors, disease comorbidities and treatment between children and adults are addressed, and the book culminates in a working model to guide further research into the psychobiology of PTSD. Research has suggested that childhood experiences confer risk/resilience for reactions to trauma in adulthood, and predictors and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appear to differ developmentally. Research in PTSD has typically been conducted by either child or adult researchers with relatively little overlap or communication between the two camps. Developmental models of PTSD are necessary to fully understand the complex constellation of responses to trauma across the lifespan. Such models can inform study designs and lead to novel, developmentally-appropriate interventions. To this end, this book is organized in such a way as to present and integrate research into child, adult, and older adult trauma samples in an attempt to culminate in a testable model of PTSD risk and resilience across the lifespan. Each author incorporates a developmental slant to their individual chapter, and the chapters are organized to highlight potential differences in our understanding of risk and resiliency between children and adults. Initial chapters concerning pre- and peri-traumatic risk factors for PTSD lead into chapters reviewing specific risk and resilience factors in adults and children. Additional chapters focus on the impact of childhood trauma on adult functioning and the biology of PTSD in children, adults, and older adults. As PTSD rarely occurs in a 'pure' form, specific chapters focus on the impact of comorbid disorders in our understanding of PTSD, and the final chapters consider both psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for PTSD in children and adults. Developmental issues in diagnosing PTSD / Michael R. McCart, Genelle Sawyer & Daniel W. Smith Genetic risk factors for PTSD / Karestan C. Koenen, Ananda B. Amstadter & Nicole R. Nugent Predictors of PTSD symptoms in police officers : from childhood to retirement / Nnamdi Pole PTSD in children and adolescents : risk factors and treatment innovations / Daniel W. Smith Modeling pathways to post traumatic stress disorder / Glenn Saxe The long reach of trauma across the lifespan : mechanisms for the signature of abuse / Ana-Maria Vranceanu ... [et al.] Biological risk and resilience factors / Ann Rasmusson Age-related changes in neuroendocrine, cognitive, and neuroanatomic aspects of PTSD / Rachel Yehuda Dissociation across the lifespan and interfaces with posttraumatic stress disorder / Daphne Simeon & Ashley Braun Comorbid PTSD and major depression : does history of exposure to interpersonal violence contribute to nonresilience? / Jesse Cougle, Heidi Resnick, & Dean Kilpatrick PTSD in child and adult populations : a review of the cognitive behavioral treatment outcome literature / Norah C. Feeny & Shoshana Y. Kahana Recent advances in the pharmacological treatment/prevention of PTSD / Douglas L. Delahanty & Sarah A. Ostrowski From childhood to adult PTSD, an integrative model / Douglas L. Delahanty & Leah Irish. Contents 6 Preface 8 Introduction 10 Chapter 1. Developmental Issues in Diagnosing PTSD 14 Chapter 2. Genetic Risk Factors for PTSD 36 Chapter 3. Predistors of PTSD Symptoms in Police Officers: From Childhood to Retirement 60 Chapter 4. PTSD in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors and Treatment Innovations 82 Chapter 5. Modeling Pathways to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 102 Chapter 6. The Long Reach of Trauma Across the Lifespan: Mechanisms for the Signature of Abuse 112 Chapter 7. Biological Risk and Resilience Factors 134 Chapter 8. Age-Related Changes in Neuroendocrine, Cognitive, and Neuroanatomic Aspects of PTSD 156 Chapter 9. Dissocation Across the Lifespan and Interfaces with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 184 Chapter 10. Comorbid PTSD and Major Depression: Does History of Exposure to Interpersonal Violence Contribute to Nonresilience? 204 Chapter 11. PTSD in Child and Adult Populations: A Review of the Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Outcome Literature 222 Chapter 12. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Treatment/Prevention of PTSD 246 Chapter 13. From Childhood to Adult PTSD—An Integrative Model 268 Index 286 List of Contributors 292 0765705362,9780765705365,9780765706089,0765706083,RC552.P67P7595,2008,616.85'21—dc22 Jason Aronson 2008 "The importance of examining risk/resilience factors in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across the lifespan has become increasingly obvious: childhood experiences confer risk/resilience for adulthood experiences and biological predictors and correlates of PTSD appear to differ developmentally." "Research into PTSD has typically been conducted with a focus on either child or adult PTSD, with relatively little overlap or discussion between the two camps. The overall focus of this collection is to bring these two groups of researchers together to examine developmental issues and how they impact biological and psychological risk and resilience factors and treatment issues in PTSD and comorbid disorders."--BOOK JACKET The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan brings together two groups researchers of PTSD with different focuses?child and adult?to examine developmental issues and how they impact biological and psychological risk and resilience facto