The proceedings of the 10th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical Engineering (FAFEE2022): Volume I (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1048)

Contents Virtual Inertia Control Strategy for Wind Turbine Considering Inertia Support Capacity Under Variable Wind Speed 1 Introduction 2 Wind Turbine Model and Virtual Inertia Control 2.1 Wind Turbine Model 2.2 Virtual Inertia Control 3 The Supporting Capacity of Wind Turbine Inertia Under Varying Wind Speed 3.1 Wind Turbine Participates in the Energy Conversion of Inertia Support 3.2 Stability Analysis of Wind Turbine Inertia Support Process 3.3 Influence of Wind Speed on Inertia Supporting Capacity 4 Wind Turbine Virtual Inertia Control Strategy Combining Wind Turbine Stability and Inertia Support Effect 4.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning and DDPG Algorithm 4.2 Virtual Inertia Control Strategy Based on DDPG 5 Simulation Verification 6 Conclusion References Optimal Deployment of the Integrated Energy Systems Considering Carbon Capture System 1 Introduction 2 Modelling of Integrated Energy System 2.1 Basic System Structure 2.2 Power Model 2.3 Cost Model 3 Optimization Model of Deployment 3.1 Objective Function 3.2 Constraint Condition 4 Example Analysis 5 Conclusion References Modeling Analysis of Efficiency Improvement of Passive Array Coils Involved in Wireless Power Transfer System 1 Introduction 2 The Composition Structure and Design Theory of SAC 2.1 Design Concept of SAC 2.2 Composition Structure of SAC 3 Modeling the Transmission Efficiency of WPT System with SAC 3.1 WPT System with SAC Circuit Model 3.2 Simulation and Verification 4 Conclusion References Crosstalk of Phase-Leg Circuits with Parallel MOSFETs 1 Introduction 2 Phase-Leg Circuit Switching Process Analysis 3 Crosstalk Effects on Parallel Devices in Phase-Leg Circuits 3.1 Parallel Uneven Flow Influence Factors 3.2 Loop Current Effects on Gate Source Crosstalk 4 Conclusion References Double Substitution-Impedance Control of DFIG Based on WECS 1 Introduction 2 DFIG Model 3 The Principle of DSIC 4 Simulation Study 5 Conclusion References Design and Control of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing 1 Introduction 2 Design of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing 2.1 Theoretical Model of Magnetic Levitation Isolation Bearing 2.2 Finite Element Simulation by Ansys Maxwell 3 Modeling and Control of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System 3.1 Nonlinear Model of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System 3.2 Adaptive Super-Twisting Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control 4 Simulation of Magnetic Levitation Isolation System Control 5 Conclusion References An Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System Based on Modified LightGBM Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Modified LightGBM 2.1 Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT). 2.2 Modified LightGBM 3 Islanding Detection Technique 3.1 Grid-Connected System Simulation 3.2 Islanding Detection Classifier 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Electromagnetic Analysis of V-type Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Basic Theory of Electromagnetic Fields 2.1 Maxwell's Equations 2.2 Potential Functions 3 Electromagnetic Simulation Model 4 Electromagnetic Simulation Analysis 4.1 No-Load Electromagnetic Analysis 4.2 Load Electromagnetic Analysis 5 Conclusion References Coordinate the Optimal Configuration of Double-Layer Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Wind Farms Participating in Power System Frequency Regulation 1 Introduction 2 Frequency Response Model of Power System 2.1 Analysis of Frequency Regulation Characteristics 2.2 Structural and Economic Evaluation of Wind-Storage Joint System 3 Two-Layer Energy Storage Configuration Method Based on Benders Decomposition 4 Optimize the Configuration Model 4.1 Investment Costs and Constraints 4.2 Objective Function 5 Example Analysis 6 Conclusion References Assessment for Aging State of High-Voltage Cable Insulation Based on Fuzzy Clustering Method 1 Introduction 2 Insulation Related Experiments 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.2 Tensile Test 2.3 AC Breakdown Test 2.4 FTIR Spectroscopy Test 2.5 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Test 2.6 X-ray Diffractometry Test 3 Partial Insulation Experimental Data Analysis 3.1 Tensile Test Analysis 3.2 AC Breakdown Test Analysis 3.3 FTIR Spectroscopy Test Analysis 3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Test Analysis 3.5 X-ray Diffractometry Test Analysis 4 Fuzzy Clustering Method of Cable Diagnosis 4.1 Determination of Input and Output Variables 4.2 Clustering Center Calculation 4.3 Construction of the Affiliation Function 4.4 Member Function Threshold Determination 4.5 Determination of Fuzzy Diagnosis Rules 5 Case Study 6 Conclusion References Analysis on the Breakdown Probability and Reliability Evaluation of HVDC AC Capacitor Under the Joint Action of Electric and Heating 1 Introduction 2 Brief Introduction of Evaluation Model 3 Calculation of Casing Bursting Energy of AC Capacitor 4 Reliability Evaluation of Capacitors 5 Summary and Suggestions References Study on Dynamic Discharge Characteristics of Homopolar Inductor Alternator Based Flywheel Energy Storage 1 Introduction 2 Operation Principle and Mathematical Model of HIA 2.1 Operation Principle 2.2 Mathematical Model 3 Discharge Control Theory of HIA 3.1 Strategy of Discharge Control 3.2 Analysis of Discharge Dynamic Control Process 3.3 Analysis of Influence Factors of Voltage Control in Dynamic Loading 3.4 Analysis of Influence Factors of Voltage Control in Dynamic Unloading 4 Simulation of Discharge Characteristic 5 Conclusion References Analysis of the Degradation Mechanism and Identification of Overcharging Method Under Different SOC Cyclic Overcharge of Lithium Titanate Batteries 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Experimental Equipment and Platform 2.2 Experimental Steps 3 Analysis of Experimental Results 3.1 Determining the Rate of Decline Based on Capacity Changes 3.2 Analysis of the Degradation Mode of Lithium Titanate Battery Under Different SOC Overcharge Cycles Based on IC Curve 3.3 Identification of Lithium Titanate Battery with Overcharge Failure Based on IC Curve 4 Conclusion References Calculation Method of Converter Valve Loss Based on Thyristor Voltage-Current Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Structure of Thyristor Converter Valve 3 SCR Loss Calculation and Analysis Based on Voltage and Current Characteristic Curve 3.1 On-state Pressure Drop Fitting Based on Characteristic Curve 3.2 Loss Calculation 3.3 Heat Transfer Model Construction 3.4 Loss Solving Process 4 Simulation Verification 5 Conclusion References Physiological Control of Artificial Heart Pump Based on the Hierarchical Thought and the Fuzzy Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Design of the Sensorless Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Analysis of the Influence of Core Seam Type on DC Bias Noise of Transformer Based on Finite Element Method 1 Introduction 2 Establishment Building 3 Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Core Seam Type on DC Bias Noise of Transformer 4 Modal Analysis of Core Structure with Different Seam Types 5 Conclusion References Improved Cascade Virtual Synchronous Machine Control Strategy Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage 1 Introduction 2 Basic Principles of Traditional VSG 3 Cascade Improved VSG Control Strategy 4 Simulation Waveform and Verification 5 Simulation Waveform and Verification References A Novel Method for Monitoring Health Conditions of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester 1 Introduction 2 MOA Model Under Small Leakage Current 3 The Factors Affecting the Health Conditions of MOA 3.1 Influence of NRP Deterioration on On-Line Monitoring Data 3.2 Influence of Surface Pollution on On-Line Monitoring Data 4 On-Line Identification Algorithm of MOA Health Conditions 4.1 Reduce the Influence of Harmonic Interference in Power Grid 4.2 MOA Health Conditions Identification Based on SVM-CRF 5 Simulation Analysis Based on Matlab 5.1 Data Preparation 5.2 Processing Results of SVM Algorithm 5.3 Further Optimization Results Using CRF Algorithm 6 Conclusion References On-Site AC Withstand Voltage Safety Distance Evaluation of Switchgear Based on Series Resonance Principle 1 Preface 2 Experiment Method 3 Experimental Phenomenon 4 Breakdown Voltage and Analysis 4.1 Breakdown Voltage 4.2 Influence of the Grading Ring 5 Safety Distance Evaluation 5.1 Safety Distance Evaluation of Bushing-Bushing Model 5.2 Safety Distance Evaluation of Rod-Plate (Gate-Line) Model 5.3 Safety Distance for Common Test Scenarios 6 Conclusion References Energy Saving Analysis for Permanent Magnet Traction System in Urban Rail Transit 1 Introduction 2 Urban Rail Transit Illustration 2.1 Traction Energy Flow of Urban Rail Transit 2.2 Renewable Energy Utilization 2.3 Permanent Magnet Traction System 2.4 Traction and Power Supply Simulation Method 3 Simulation Basis 4 Traction Simulation 5 Power Supply Simulation 6 Conclusion References CFD-Based Radial Thrust and Hemocompatibility Study of the Double-Volute Artificial Heart Pump 1 Introduction 2 Models and Methods 2.1 Design and Establishment of the Three-Dimensional Model 2.2 Mesh 2.3 Turbulence Model and Computational Details 2.4 The Setting of Boundary Conditions 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison of the Overall Flow Field 3.2 Comparison of Radial Thrust 3.3 Comparison of Head and Hemocompatibility 4 Conclusion References. Research on Dual-Channel Wide Dynamic Microwave Rectifier Circuit Based on Automatic Power Distribution Technology 1 Introduction 2 The Principle of a Wide-Dynamic Rectifier Circuit Based on Automatic Input Power Distribution Analysis 3 Design and Simulation of Dual-Channel Microwave Rectifier Circuit 3.1 Simulation of Circuit and Optimization of Parameter 3.2 Analysis of Overall Performance of Circuit 4 Conclusions References Stochastic State Estimation of Power System Based on Conditional Value-at-Risk 1 Introduction 2 Modified State Estimation Model by Weighted Least Squares Method 3 Stochastic State Estimation Method 3.1 Conditional Value at Risk 3.2 Stochastic State Estimation Model 4 Case Study 5 Conclusions References Research on Metal Contamination Defects on Insulator Surface Under Intermittent Partial Discharge 1 Introduction 2 Multi-source Detection System for Intermittent Discharge of True GIS Metal Fouling Defects 2.1 Test Platform 2.2 UHF Antenna Sensor 3 Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Mapping of Intermittent Discharge Pulses of Different Magnitudes 3.2 Time-Frequency Domain Analysis of Intermittent Discharge Characteristics 4 Analysis of Intermittent Discharge Processes in Metal Fouling 4.1 Statistics of Intermittent Discharges 4.2 Intermittent Discharge Time Interval Statistics 5 Summary References Research on Modeling Integrated Energy System and Coordinated Control Strategy Based on Hydrogen Production Using Hybrid Wind-Solar 1 Introduction 2 System Modeling 3 System Coordinated Control 3.1 Overall Control Strategy 3.2 Control Strategy of Each Unit 4 Emulation Analysis 5 Conclusion References Evaluation Method of New Energy Absorption Capacity Based on Network Security and Stability Constraints 1 Introduction 2 New Energy Grid-Connected Model 2.1 Mechanism of New Energy Absorption 2.2 Power Probability Modeling of New Energy Theory 2.3 Generation of New Energy Output Probability Classification Scene 3 Calculation of New Energy Absorption Capacity 3.1 Evaluation Model 3.2 Constraint Condition 4 Example Analysis 4.1 Example Introduction 5 Example Analysis References Short-Term Wind Power Interval Prediction Based on WA-KDEP Algorithm Methodology Study 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methods 2.1 Data 2.2 Basic Methods 2.3 The WA-KDEP Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Critical Line Identification of AC-DC Hybrid Grid Based on Data-Driven 1 Introduction 2 Chain Fault Process and Sequence Modeling 2.1 Chain Fault Evolution Process 2.2 Chain Fault Sequence and Data Modeling 3 Evaluation Index of Line Criticality 3.1 Electrical Structure 3.2 Weighted Power Flow Transfer Entropy 3.3 Voltage Offset 3.4 Load Loss 4 Comprehensive Evaluation and Identification of Line Criticality 4.1 Comprehensive Evaluation of Line Criticality 4.2 Local Critical Evaluation of the Line 5 Example Analysis 5.1 Example Setting 5.2 Identification of Line Criticality 5.3 Result Verification 6 Conclusions References Position Optimization Simulation of High Voltage Bushing Outlet Stress Cone Based on Simdroid Software 1 Introduction 2 Actual Structure of GIS Bushing 3 Simulation Model of the Actual Structure of the GIS Bushing 3.1 Actual Simulation Model of GIS Bushing and Stress Cone 3.2 Model Parameter Setting and Mesh Splitting 4 Electric Field Distribution of GIS Bushing 4.1 Electric Field Distribution of 126 kV GIS Bushing 5 Conclusion References A New Charging Strategy Suitable for Electric Vehicle Charging Station in New Energy Occasions 1 Introduction 2 Integrated System Structure of Charging Station with PV Power Source 2.1 System Composition and Function 3 Design of Variable Speed Charging Mechanism for EV 3.1 PV Cell Instantaneous Power 3.2 The Number of EV on the Station in the Future Period 3.3 Charging Station Actual Power Calculation 3.4 Calculation of Charging Rate of Each Battery in the Station 4 Validation of Variable Speed Charging Strategy 4.1 Basic Data 4.2 Comparative Analysis of Variable Speed Charging and Constant Power Charging Models 5 Conclusion References Curved MRI Gradient Coil Design Method Based on Smooth Combined Structure Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Parameterization of Combined Gradient Coils 2.1 Z-gradient Coils 2.2 X-/Y-Gradient Coils 3 Establishment of the Optimization Problem 4 Optimization Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Simulation Study on an Electric and Vibrational Dual Energy Harvester and Its Influencing Factors 1 Introduction 2 Principle and Structure of Dual Energy Harvester 2.1 Principle of Operation 2.2 Structure of the Double-Capture Energy Acquisition Power Supply 3 Effect of Operating Voltage on Triboelectric Nanogenerators 4 EEH Coupling Capacitance Simulation 4.1 Model Description 4.2 Discussion on Line-Electrode Coupling Capacitance 4.3 Effect of Distributed Electrode Array 5 Conclusion References Research and Optimization of ALIP Performance Based on Improved Equivalent Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Model 2.1 Basic Working Principle 2.2 Mathematical Model 2.3 Boundary Conditions and Electromagnetic Field Solution 3 Equivalent Circuit 3.1 Traditional Equivalent Circuit 3.2 Improved Equivalent Circuit 4 Finite Element Simulation and Model Verification 5 Thrust Characteristic Study 6 Conclusion References Feasibility Simulation Study of Simultaneous PD Radiation Ultrasound and UHF Signal Sensing Using a Single Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Current Status of Research 2.1 Flexible Ultrasonic Sensors 2.2 Flexible UHF Sensors 3 Theoretical Feasibility Analysis 3.1 PD Ultrasonic Signal Sensing Principle 3.2 PD UHF Signal Sensing Principle 3.3 Integrated Sensor Structure and Principle 4 Integrated Sensor Simulation Study 4.1 Simulation Study of Ultrasonic Signal Perception Performance 4.2 UHF Signal Sensing Performance Simulation Study 5 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of Standardization of Power Detection Test Data Based on JSON Representation 1 Introduction 2 Current Problems and Demands 3 Structural Design of Electric Power Test Data Based on JSON Representation 3.1 Overall Design Schmea 3.2 JSON Synax Constraint of Electric Power Detection Test Data 3.3 JSON Filed Definition of Electric Power Detection Test Data Parameters 4 Practical Application of JSON Characterized Test Data of Electric Power Detection 4.1 Result 5 Conclusion References Structure Design and Stress Analysis of New Hybrid Rotor Dual Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical Design 2.1 The Overall Mechanical Structure of the Motor 2.2 Stator and Rotor Structure 3 Motor Stress Analysis 3.1 Force Analysis 3.2 Strength Analysis of Main Structural Parts of Motor 4 Conclusions References Threshold Voltage Monitoring Method of SiC MOSFET Considering the Influence of Thermoelectric Coupling 1 Introduction 2 On-Resistance Components and Temperature Sensitivity 2.1 Chip Drain-Source On-State Resistance 2.2 Package Resistance 3 Experimental Setup and Monitoring Methods 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Impact of BTI on VTH and RDS-ON 3.3 Monitoring Threshold Voltage Based on RDS-ON 4 Conclusion References A Robust Economy Optimization Method of Virtual Power Plant Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response 1 Introduction 2 Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response Model 2.1 Establish Evaluation Model of Day-Ahead Invited Demand Response 2.2 Establish Settlement Model of Day-Ahead Invited Demand Response 3 Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method 3.1 Put Forward Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method Without Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response 3.2 Put Forward Day-Ahead Economic Optimization Method with Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response 4 Robust Economy Optimization Method 4.1 Establish Day-Ahead Optimization Operation Power Uncertainty Model at Connection Line 4.2 Put Forward Robust Economy Optimization Method for Virtual Power Plant with Participating in Day-Ahead Invitation Demand Response 5 Optimization Method Implementation Analysis 6 Conclusion References Example of Integrated Energy Demonstration Project Based on Clean Coal Power 1 Introduction 2 Model of Integrated Energy System 2.1 Structure Description of Integrated Energy System 2.2 Mathematical Model of Integrated Energy System 2.3 Energy Balance of Integrated Energy System 2.4 Operation Index of Integrated Energy System 2.5 Operation Constraints of Integrated Energy System 3 Application Analysis of Demonstration Project Engineering 3.1 Operation Parameters of Actual Engineering 3.2 Results Analysis of Actual Engineering 4 Conclusion References Research on IGBT Lifetime Prediction Based on Residual BP Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 IGBT Failure Mechanism 3 Selection and Verification of IGBT Failure Characteristic Parameters 3.1 Selection of Failure Characteristic Parameters 3.2 Verification of Failure Characteristic Parameters 4 IGBT Life Prediction Based on Residual BP Neural Network 4.1 Model and Prediction Results Based on BP Neural Network 4.2 Model and Prediction Results Based on Residual BP Neural Network 4.3 Result Analysis 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Bearing Voltage on EMU Traction Motors and Evaluation of Insulated Bearings Performance 1 Introduction 2 Bearing Voltage Generation Mechanism of Traction Motors 2.1 Bearing Voltage Caused by Common-Mode Voltage of Convertors 2.2 Bearing Voltage Caused by Body Overvoltage 3 Bearing Voltage Test and Analysis 3.1 Site Test of Bearing Voltage 3.2 Bearing Voltage Test Results Under Constant Speed Operation Status 3.3 Bearing Voltage Test Results Under Phase-Separating Operation Status 4 Evaluation of Insulated Bearings Performance 4.1 Bearing Current Simulation Model 4.2 Bearing Current Simulation When Using Non-Insulated Bearings 4.3 Bearing Current Simulation When Using Insulated Bearings 4.4 Influence of Coating Thickness of Insulated Bearing on Bearing Current 5 Conclusion References Analysis and Calculation of Multi-Phase Lightning Trip-Out in 220 kV Double-Circuit Transmission Lines 1 Introduction 2 Fault Condition of Four Phase Trip Out by Lightning Strike in Common-Tower Double-Circuit 3 Fault Condition of Four Phase Trip Out by Lightning Strike in Common-Tower Double 3.1 Electrical Equipment Parameters 3.2 Simulation Analysis Model 4 Fault Simulation Analysis 5 Conclusion References Super Resolution Reconstruction of Infrared Images of Power Equipment Based on Wasserstein Distance and Residual Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Generative Adversarial Networks 2.2 Super-Resolution Reconstruction 2.3 Residual Network 3 Methodology 3.1 Long and Short Connection Residual Networks 3.2 Loss Function 3.3 Model Structure 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Parameters 4.2 Dataset and Training Parameters 4.3 Evaluation Indicators 4.4 Experimental Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Research on Modeling of Current Transformer for Travelling Wave Fault Location Test 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 The Attenuation Phenomenon of Traveling Wave Passing Through Current Transformer 3 Current Transformer Modeling Considering Distributed Capacitance 3.1 Simplified Current Transformer Model 3.2 Measured Parameters 4 Comparison of Current Transformer Model and Actual Measurement Results 5 Conclusion References A New Method of Measuring the Parameters of Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Based on Phase-Mode Transformation 1 Introduction 2 Measurement Method of the Parameters Based on Phase-Mode Transformation 3 Digital Simulation and Analysis 3.1 Simulation Analysis of Line Length 3.2 Simulation Analysis of Robustness 4 Conclusion References Study on the Relationship Between External Characteristic Parameters and Aging Mechanism of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Electrochemical Model 1 Introduction 2 Electrochemical-Aging Coupling Model 2.1 P2D Electrochemical Model 2.2 SEI Side Reaction 2.3 Lithium Battery Model Coupling 3 Incremental Capacity Analysis 3.1 The Principle of the IC Curve Analysis Method 3.2 The Influence of Lithium Battery Aging on the IC Curve 3.3 Circulating Aging Test 3.4 Characteristic Parameter Extraction and Correlation Degree Analysis 4 Analysis of the Relationship Between External Characteristic Parameters and Aging Mechanism 5 Conclusions References Grounding Network Fault Detection Based on Frequency Domain Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Grounding Network Dispersion Range Analysis 3 Grounding Network Fault Spectrum Detection Method 4 Conclusion References Detection of Bladder Filling with Open T-type Electrode Array 1 Introduction 2 Introduction of the Theoretical Methods 2.1 Model Building 2.2 Forward Problem Solving 2.3 Assessment Criteria 2.4 Image Reconstruction 3 Experimental Results and Analysis 3.1 Excitation Simulation Results 3.2 Comparison of Reconstructed Images 3.3 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Estimation 3.4 Excitation with Adaptive Intervals 4 Conclusions References Fault Analysis and Simulation Research of Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism 1 Introduction 2 Fault Profile 2.1 Pre-Disintegration Test 2.2 Post-disintegration Inspection 3 Fault Cause Analysis 3.1 Macroscopic Inspection 3.2 Material Analysis 3.3 Metallographic Examination 4 Simulation 5 Preventive Measure 6 Conclusion References Dual Complex-Coefficient Filter Based Sliding Mode Position Observer for PMSM Drives 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of PMSM 3 SMO Based Rotor Position Estimation 3.1 SMO 3.2 PLL 4 CCF Based Position Information Enhancement Strategy 4.1 Rotor Position Estimation 4.2 Rotor Speed Calculation 5 Simulation and Experiment 6 Conclusion References An Automated Extraction of HVCB Mechanical Characteristic Based on Hough Transform and Lucas Kanade Optical Flow 1 Introduction 2 Correlation Algorithm Based on Machine Vision 2.1 Shi-Tomasi Corner Detector 2.2 Lucas Kanade (LK) Optical Flow Principle 3 Determine the Location of the Optimal Corner Point 4 Manual and Automatic Positioning of Corner Points 4.1 Problem of Deviation Caused by Manual Positioning of Corner Points 4.2 Automatic Positioning of Optimal Corner Points 5 Conclusion References Temperature Characteristics of the Conductivity of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid at 10 Hz–100 MHz 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 3 Sample Collection 4 Data Processing and Analysis 5 Result 5.1 Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion References Resilience Assessment of Power Transmission Systems Under Extreme Ice Disaster 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of the Impact of Extreme Ice Disaster on Transmission Lines 2.1 Meteorological Modeling of Extreme Ice Disaster 2.2 Fault Rate Model of Transmission Line Affected by Disasters 2.3 System Load Reduction Model 3 Evaluation Method of Power System Resilience Under Extreme Ice Disaster 3.1 Resilience Index of Power Transmission Systems 3.2 Resilience Assessment Flow of Power Transmission Systems 4 Case Study 5 Conclusion References Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Attenuates UVB Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Factors 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Cold Plasma Equipment 2.2 Experimental Animals 2.3 UVB Irradiation 2.4 APPJ Treatment 2.5 Skin Photography 2.6 Histological Analysis 2.7 Comparison of Hydroxyproline Content in Skin Tissue 2.8 Western Blot 2.9 RNA Extraction and Real-Time Quantitative PCR 2.10 Statistical Analysis 3 Experimental Results 3.1 APPJ Treatment Improves Erythema Caused by UVB Irradiation 3.2 APPJ Treatment Increased Epidermal Thickness and Reduced Wrinkle Formation 3.3 APPJ Treatment Improved the Decrease of Hydroxyproline Content Caused by UVB Irradiation 3.4 APPJ Treatment Reduced the Expression of Compensatory Type I Collagen Induced by UVB Irradiation 3.5 APPJ Treatment Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Factor Release 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Cracking Failure Analysis of Tension Clamp and Connecting Tube of ± 800 kV UHV Transmission Line 1 Introduction 2 Fault Overview 2.1 Basic Information of Cracked Tensioning Clamp 2.2 Basic Information About Cracked Ground Connecting Pipe 3 Analysis of Cracked Tensioning Clamp and Connecting Pipe 3.1 Macroscopic Inspection 3.2 X-ray Detection 3.3 Penetration Detection 3.4 Spectral Analysis 3.5 Microstructure and Fracture Morphology Analysis 3.6 Waterflood Test 3.7 Simulation Analysis 4 Conclusions 5 Comments and Suggestions References The Segmented Frequency Response Model for Power System with Wind Generations Considering Synthetic Inertia Control 1 Introduction 2 Synthetic Inertia Control of Wind Turbine Generator 3 The Transfer Function Model for the SFR Considering the Synthetic Inertial Control 3.1 Transfer Function Model for WTG with Synthetic Inertial Control 3.2 SFR Model Considering Dynamics of the WTG 4 Segmented SFR Model Considering the Diversity of Wind Speeds in the Wind Farm 4.1 Frequency Regulation Exiting Time-Based Clustering Criterion 4.2 Parameters of the Equivalent WTG and the Segmented SFR Model 5 Case Study 6 Conclusion References An Online Ice Melting Technology Based on Zero Sequence Current 1 Introduction 2 Brief Introduction of The Ice Melting Process 2.1 Calculation of Ice Melting Current 2.2 Ice Melting Process Operation 3 Application of Grounding Transformer in Ice Melting Technology 3.1 Connection of Grounding Transformers 3.2 Distribution of Positive Sequence and Zero Sequence Current of Grounding Transformers 4 Distribution of Positive Sequence and Zero Sequence Current in The Ice Melt Process 4.1 Distribution of The Positive Sequence Current During Ice Melting 4.2 Distribution of The Zero Sequence Current During Ice Melting 5 Simulation Analysis of Ice Melting Process 6 Analysis of Experimental Results 7 Conclusion References Radial Deformation Status Monitoring of Dry-Type Transformer Windings 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Analysis of Radial Deformation of Transformer Windings 3 Transformer Winding Spoke Deformation Status Monitoring 4 Deformation Analysis of Windings of Dry Three-Phase Transformers 5 Experiment 6 Conclusion References Economic Optimal Scheduling of DC Microgrid Clusters Based on Hierarchical Control 1 Introduction 2 DC Microgrid Clusters System Architecture and Data Processing 2.1 DC Microgrid Clusters System Architecture 2.2 Data Processing 3 Day-Ahead Scheduling Model 4 Improved Droop Control 5 Simulation 5.1 Simulation Case I 5.2 Simulation Case II 6 Conclusion References Analysis and Treatment of Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems of PLC System in Industrial Field 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Electromagnetic Compatibility in Industrial Field 2.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Problems in Industrial Field 2.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 2.3 EMC Environment of PLC System 3 EMC Analysis of PLC System 3.1 Division of PLC Subsystems 3.2 EMC Characteristics of PLC Subsystems 4 Principles and Measures for Handling EMC Problems of PLC System 4.1 Power Subsystems 4.2 Input/Output Subsystems 4.3 Communication Subsystems 4.4 Drive Subsystems 5 Conclusion References Research on Sensor Selection Strategy of Lithium Battery Management System 1 Introduction 2 Equivalent Circuit Model and Parameter Identification 2.1 Equivalent Circuit Model 2.2 Online Parameter Identification Based on FFRLS 3 Battery SOC Estimation Based on EKF Algorithm 4 Effect of the Sensor Accuracy on the SOC Estimation 4.1 Influence of Current Sensor Error on SOC Estimation 4.2 Influence of Voltage Sensor Error on SOC Estimation 5 Conclusion References Modeling of Dielectric Properties of Ex Vivo Human Normal Active Liver Tissue in the Frequency Range of 10 Hz to 100 MHz 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Sample Preparation 2.2 Dielectric Property Measurements 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Results 3.1 The Influence of Age and Sex on Dielectric Properties 3.2 Mathematical Modeling 4 Discussion References A Dual Attention-Based CNN-GRU Model for Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting 1 Introduction 2 Principles of Deep Learning Models 2.1 CNN Principal Structure 2.2 Gated Recurrent Unit 2.3 Introduction to Attention Mechanism 3 CNN-GRU Model Based on a Dual Attention Mechanism 3.1 Predictive Model Structure 3.2 Predictive Model Error Metrics 4 Analysis of the Results of the Calculation Example 4.1 Experiment’s Introduction 4.2 Experimental Data Preprocessing 4.3 Analysis of NSW Dataset Prediction Results 4.4 Analysis of the Forecast Results of a US Public Institution Dataset 5 Conclusions and Future Work References On-Line Estimation of Battery SOC Based on Improved EKF in Wide Temperature Range 1 Introduction 2 Equivalent Circuit Model 3 Parameter Estimation Online 4 Experimental Verification 5 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of Intelligent File Management Product Based on Internet of Things Technology 1 Introduction 2 System Working Pri