The Primate Nervous System, Part I (Volume 13) (Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Volume 13)

This volume is a new, timely and fitting extension to the Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, focussing on the neurochemical circuitry of the primate brain. The book will compliment the growing efforts to apply the analytical strategies of chemical neuroanatomy to the primate brain. The goal of this volume is to develop a broad-based coverage of human and non-human primate chemical neuroanatomic details together within a volume in which details on transmitters and systems can be appreciated. The eight comprehensive chapters that comprise this volume deal with large global concepts and datasets which not only create an initial coverage of the entire primate neuraxis, but also capture useful points of information on the chemical neuranatomy of the primate nervous system. An excellent, informative book, and a welcome addition to the sparse literature in this field. Front Cover......Page 1 The Primate Nervous System......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents......Page 10 1. Introduction......Page 20 2. Status of digital atlas development......Page 21 3. Neuronames: a semantic network of the classical neuroanatomical nomenclature......Page 23 4. The template atlas: image representation of the classical neuroanatomical nomenclature......Page 29 5. What a standard nomenclature and template atlas can do for you......Page 32 6. Acknowledgements......Page 53 7. References......Page 54 1. Introduction......Page 58 2. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert and diagonal band of Broca......Page 64 3. Islands of Calleja (insulae terminalis)......Page 68 4. Suprachiasmatic nucleus......Page 70 5. Sexually dimorphic nucleus (intermediate nucleus, INAH-1)......Page 84 6. Other hypothalamic sexually dimorphic structures (INAH-2,3, BST, SCN, anterior commissure)......Page 88 8. Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus (SON, PVN)......Page 89 9, The ventromedial nucleus (Nucleus of Cajal)......Page 114 10. Dorsomedial nucleus......Page 116 11. Infundibular nucleus (arcuate nucleus) and subventricular nucleus......Page 117 12. Lateral tuberal nucleus......Page 119 13. Tuberomamillary nucleus......Page 124 14. Posterior hypothalamic nucleus......Page 126 16. Corpora mamillare......Page 127 17. Conclusions......Page 128 18. Summary......Page 130 19. Acknowledgements......Page 135 20. List of abbreviations......Page 136 21. References......Page 137 1. Introduction......Page 158 2 The concept of the reticular formation......Page 159 3. Classification of lower brainstem neurons......Page 167 4. Motoneurons with axons innervating striated muscle (somatic or special visceral)......Page 168 5. Parasympathetic preganglionic motoneurons......Page 173 7. Respiratory neurons in the lower brainstem......Page 179 8. The raphe nuclei in the human......Page 180 9. Lower brainstem neurons projecting to the spinal cord, including sympathetic premotor neurons......Page 181 10. Brainstem catecholamine-synthesizing neurons......Page 183 11. Neurons containing 5-HT, Neuropeptide Y, or Substance P......Page 188 12. Neurons synthesizing nitric oxide in lower brainstem of human......Page 189 14. Galanin-containing neurons in human medulla and pons......Page 191 15. Nucleus tractus solitarius......Page 193 17. Receptor binding studies in lower pons and medulla......Page 195 18. Receptors on area postrema neurons and on distal processes of vagal afferents......Page 196 19. Acknowledgements......Page 197 20. References......Page 199 1. Introduction......Page 206 2. The nucleus locus coeruleus......Page 208 3. Afferents......Page 211 4. Efferents......Page 213 5. Receptors......Page 224 7. Conclusions......Page 227 10. References......Page 229 1. Historical definition of the magnocellular basal nucleus......Page 236 2. Cytoarchitectonic features of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the primate brain......Page 239 3. Expression of neurotrophin receptors by cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain......Page 245 5. Peptide coexpression in the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain......Page 247 6. Relation between the cholinergic and other classical neurotransmitter systems in the primate basal forebrain......Page 250 7. Functional neuroanatomy of the basal forebrain cholinergic system......Page 252 8. Pathology of the basal forebrain cholinergic system: aging and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and in Parkinson's diseases......Page 257 1. Introduction......Page 258 2. Cytoarchitecture of the pedunculopontine tegmental area......Page 262 3. Connections of the cholinergic PPT and LDT......Page 265 4. Cholinergic cell groups in the parabrachial complex......Page 267 5. Neuropathology of the mesopontine cholinergic system......Page 270 6. References......Page 271 2. Mesencephalon......Page 282 3. DA Nigrostriatal system......Page 308 4. DA Mesolimbic system......Page 322 5. DA Mesocortical system......Page 334 6. Development......Page 370 8. References......Page 376 2. Embryological development......Page 396 3. Gross anatomy of the insula......Page 399 4. Primate insula analysis......Page 404 5. Insular connectivity......Page 412 6. Insula chemoanatomy......Page 417 7. Neuropeptides......Page 427 8. Insular chemistry: effects of aging and neurodegenerative disorders......Page 442 9. Overview of the chemoarchitecture of the insula......Page 454 10. Functional implications......Page 461 11. Insular involvement in pathologic disturbances......Page 462 13. Abbreviations......Page 465 14. References......Page 467 1. Introduction......Page 474 2. Cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease: overview of heterogeneity and subtypes......Page 479 3. Dopaminergic architecture......Page 506 4. Cholinergic architecture......Page 511 5. Area 29 metabolism and acetylcholinesterase regulation of microvasculature......Page 524 6. Chemoarchitectural organization of primate cingulate cortex......Page 536 8. Abbreviations......Page 537 9. References......Page 538 Subject Index......Page 548 This volume is the second in the planned coverage of the neurochemical circuitry of the primate central nervous system. While this volume contains only two chapters, their topics and the extraordinarily comprehensive coverage with which the authors have dealt with their topics, will nevertheless contribute equal amounts of knowledge, wisdom, and opportunities for future research extensions as have every volume in this unique series. As such, these chapters extend the goals of this primate series to develop a broad coverage of human and non-human primate chemical neuroanatomic details in a volume which makes clear the known and desirable appreciation for differences between and among subsets of primate brains. The first chapter covers the primate thalamus with equal emphases on new world, old world, pro-simian and human anatomic details and their differences. The second undertakes a comparably comprehensive examination of one of the most intensively studied regions of the primate brain, namely the primate visual cortex. While much has been studied, both chapters also reveal how much remains for future efforts in these enormously important regions which are the archetypes of primate sub-cortical and cortical function This volume focuses on the neurochemical circuitry of the primate brain. Its goal is to develop a broad-based coverage of human and non-human primate chemical neuroanatomic details together within a volume in which details on transmitters and systems can be appreciated. The eight comprehensive chapters that comprise this volume deal with large global concepts and datasets which not only create an initial coverage of the entire primate neuraxis, but also capture useful points of information on the chemical neuranatomy of the primate nervous system In the past two decades scientists have developed many new ways to characterize neural tissue by autoradiography, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization.