The Politics of European Integration : Political Union or a House Divided?

This is a systematic, up-to-date exploration of the politics of European integration that includes balanced coverage of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Union. * Examines European integration as a contested political process that continues to divide and inspire nations, citizens, and politicians * Provides students with the analytical tools to consider why the EU functions as it currently does, whether the EU is sufficiently democratic, the politics behind EU legislation, debates over foreign policy, proposals for institutional reform, and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis * Brings together the latest scholarly research from comparative politics, international relations, law, and democratic theory * Accompanied by a range of student resources including chapter-level flashcards and independent study questions – available at www.wiley.com/go/glencross Cover About the website Title page Copyright page Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Timelines List of Boxes Acknowledgments Introduction The Purpose of This Book Why European Integration Matters The Basic Structure of the EU Plan of the Book and Learning Objectives Part I: The History of European Integration 1: The Idea of Europe: Foundations and Justifications for Unity 1.0 Introduction: What and Where Is Europe? 1.1 The Historical Background to Thinking about European Unity 1.2 Early Ideas and Pioneers of Unity 1.2.1 William Penn 1.2.2 Abbot Saint Pierre 1.2.3 Immanuel Kant 1.2.4 Aristide Briand 1.3 The Peace or Civilizing Justification for Unity 1.4 The Prosperity Justification for Unity 1.5 The Strengthening State Capacity Justification for Unity 1.6 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 2: The Institutional Development of European Integration, 1945–1973 2.0 Introduction: Uniting for Peace 2.1 The Struggle to Resolve Post-War Security and Economic Issues, 1945–1951 2.2 The Creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 2.3 The Functioning of the ECSC and the Attempt at Full Military and Political Union, 1951–1957 2.4 The Continuing Pursuit of Economic Integration: Creating the EEC, 1957 2.5 Overcoming the First Tests: The Common Agricultural Policy and the Empty Chair Crisis, 1957–1973 2.5.1 The launch of the Common Agricultural Policy 2.5.2 The empty chair crisis 2.6 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 3: The Institutional Development of European Integration, 1973–2010 3.0 Introduction: The Widening and Deepening of European Integration 3.1 Living with the First Enlargement Round and Preparing for the Next, 1973–1986 3.1.1 Mediterranean enlargement and strengthening democracy 3.1.2 The British budget contribution dispute 3.2 Completing the Single Market as a Prelude to Monetary and Political Union, 1986–1992 3.2.1 French, German, and British perspectives on the SEA 3.3 Designing European Unity for the Post-Cold War Era, 1992–2004 3.3.1 Negotiating the Maastricht Treaty, 1992 3.3.2 Preparing for a new enlargement 3.4 From Constitutional Failure to the Lisbon Treaty, 2004–2010 3.4.1 The Constitutional Treaty, 2004 3.4.2 The Lisbon Treaty, 2009 3.5 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References Part II: Analyzing Integration 4: The EU’s Institutional Dynamics 4.0 Introduction: The Functioning of the EU 4.1 An Overview of the Dynamics of EU Policy-Making 4.2 The Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP) 4.2.1 The role of the Commission 4.2.2 The legislative institutions: The Council of the EU and the European Parliament 4.3 The Role of Interest Groups and Experts 4.3.1 Assessing the influence of interest group lobbying 4.4 The Commission’s Watchdog Role and the Importance of the CJEU 4.4.1 The development of the Court of Justice’s powers 4.5 Special Provisions for Foreign Policy 4.5.1 The legal basis and decision-making structure of EU foreign policy 4.6 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 5: EU Policy-Making in Action: Major EU Policies 5.0 Introduction: The EU’s Major Policy Areas 5.1 The EU Budget 5.2 The Euro 5.2.1 Preparing for European Monetary Union 5.3 The Single Market 5.3.1 Pursuing deregulation or negative integration 5.3.2 Pursuing re-regulation or positive integration 5.3.3 The single market as a work in progress 5.4 Social and Environmental Policy 5.4.1 EU environmental policy 5.5 Justice and Citizenship 5.5.1 Immigration, border control, and citizenship rights 5.6 Enlargement 5.6.1 Conditions placed on admitting new members 5.7 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 6: The EU in Comparative Perspective 6.0 Introduction: Why Compare? 6.1 The EU Compared with Federal States 6.1.1 Why depict the EU as a federation? 6.1.2 Explaining EU politics using federalism 6.2 The EU Compared with International Organizations 6.2.1 The absence of reciprocity or the quid pro quo principle in the EU 6.2.2 Explaining why the EU has integrated more 6.3 The sui generis Interpretation 6.3.1 Three facets of EU uniqueness 6.3.2 Explaining why European integration looks unique 6.4 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References Part III: Debating the EU System and Its Policy Outputs 7: EU Internal Policies: The Theory, Practice, and Politics of Regulation 7.0 Introduction: Regulatory Outputs and EU Politics 7.1 Regulatory Theory and European Integration 7.1.1 Regulating against market failure 7.1.2 The debate over how to regulate 7.2 EU Regulation in Practice 7.2.1 Deregulation in practice 7.2.2 Regulating for common standards and its effectiveness 7.3 Not Just a Regulatory State: The Politics of EU Regulatory Outputs 7.3.1 The politics of deregulation 7.3.2 Balancing winning and losing sides in regulatory outputs 7.3.3 How political preferences influence regulatory outputs 7.4 Theorizing EU Regulation and Explaining Its Effects 7.4.1 Explaining the growth of EU regulation 7.4.2 Theorizing the consequences of EU regulation 7.5 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 8: The Institutionalization of EU Foreign Policy and Debates over the EU’s International Role 8.0 Introduction: What Is at Stake in Understanding EU Foreign Relations? 8.1 The Institutions and Institutionalization of EU Foreign Policy 8.1.1 The Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defence Policy 8.2 The Debate over EU Foreign Policy Effectiveness 8.2.1 The Transatlantic dimension 8.2.2 Finding consensus 8.3 The Ideological Debate over the Aims of EU Foreign Policy 8.3.1 The EU as a normative power? 8.4 The Explanatory Debate over EU Foreign Policy 8.4.1 Power and interests as explanatory factors 8.4.2 Identity as an explanatory factor 8.5 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 9: What Model for Uniting Europe? 9.0 Introduction: Competing Models of European Integration 9.1 Federalism 9.1.1 Problems with the federal vision 9.2 Confederalism 9.2.1 Proposals for more confederalism in the EU 9.3 The Networked Governance Model 9.3.1 Concerns about legitimacy and effectiveness 9.4 The Differentiated Integration Model 9.4.1 Differentiation to allow some countries to integrate more 9.5 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References Part IV: Democracy and Integration 10: Democracy in the European Union 10.0 Introduction: More Integration, More Democracy? 10.1 Democratic Accountability in the EU: Beyond Majoritarianism 10.1.1 Accountability without majoritarianism 10.2 The Democratic Deficit Debate 10.2.1 The procedural critique of EU democracy: A lack of responsiveness to citizens 10.2.2 The normative critique of EU democracy: The narrowing of political alternatives 10.2.3 The case against a democratic deficit 10.3 Enhancing Democracy in the EU 10.3.1 Adding parliamentary or presidential features 10.3.2 Developing transnational parties and enhancing indirect accountability 10.3.3 Obstacles to enhancing EU democracy 10.4 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 11: The Impact of European Integration on National Politics 11.0 Introduction: Political Adaptation to European Integration 11.1 European Integration and National Politics: The End of the Permissive Consensus 11.1.1 The emergence of a “constraining dissensus” 11.2 Euroskepticism and Its Varieties 11.2.1 When and where euroskepticism is expressed 11.2.2 Hard euroskepticism 11.2.3 Soft euroskepticism 11.3 National Referendums on EU Issues 11.3.1 Why hold referendums? 11.3.2 The political dynamics of referendum campaigns 11.4 Concluding Summary Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References 12: Integration and Democracy in the Shadow of the Eurozone Debt Crisis 12.0 Introduction: The Eurozone Crisis as a Challenge to Democracy and Integration 12.1 The Causes of the Eurozone Crisis 12.1.1 Benefits and concerns surrounding the European Monetary Union (EMU) 12.1.2 The global financial crisis’ effect on the Eurozone 12.2 The Travails of Formulating an EU Response 12.2.1 Deciding whether to provide a bailout and on what terms 12.2.2 The Fiscal Compact and moves toward a banking union 12.3 Criticism and Controversies Surrounding the EU Response 12.3.1 Democratic decision-making? 12.3.2 The right response? 12.3.3 Who is to blame? 12.4 Conclusion: What the Crisis Means for the Future of Integration Guide to Further Reading Discussion Questions Web Resources References Index This is a systematic, up-to-date exploration of the politics of European integration that includes balanced coverage of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Union. Examines European integration as a contested political process that continues to divide and inspire nations, citizens, and politiciansProvides students with the analytical tools to consider why the EU functions as it currently does, whether the EU is sufficiently democratic, the politics behind EU legislation, debates over foreign policy, proposals for institutional reform, and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisisBrings together the latest scholarly research from comparative politics, international relations, law, and democratic theoryAccompanied by a range of student resources including chapter-level flashcards and independent study questions - available on publication at (http://www.wiley.com/go/glencross) www.wiley.com/go/glencross