The Politics of Authenticity and Populist Discourses : Media and Education in Brazil, India and Ukraine

"This edited volume breaks new ground and opens up new perspectives by capturing the role played by claims to authenticity in populist discourses in Brazil, India and Ukraine. By conceiving of both triumphant populism and increasing demands for authenticity as expressions of crisis, the volume seeks to satisfy the need to take a closer look at yearnings for orientation in a globalised world that is often associated with rapid social change and the disappearance of old certainties. Starting from the assumption that media play a crucial role for populist discourses of authenticity, the volume moves beyond conventional and social media by expanding its focus to media in formal education, notably school textbooks and curricula. These two particular media formats lastingly shape younger generations and thus the future. The proposed volume adopts global perspectives from three postcolonial countries that are often beyond the scope of studies dealing with populist discourses and media entanglements - insights that contribute new aspects to international scholarly debates. Christoph Kohl was Post-doctoral Researcher at the Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research (GEI), Braunschweig, Germany. Barbara Christophe is Senior Researcher at the Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research (GEI), Braunschweig, Germany. Heike Liebau is Senior Research Fellow at Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO), Berlin, Germany. Achim Saupe is Research Fellow at the Centre for Contemporary History, Potsdam, Germany." -- Provided by publisher Contents 6 List of Contributors 8 Manifestations of Populism and Lessons Learnt 10 Claims to Authenticity in Populist Discourses: General Introduction to the Volume 11 Populist Discourses and Claims to Authenticity 13 Authentication Strategies in Populist Discourses: India, Brazil, and the Ukraine 19 New Media and School Textbooks as Arenas of Populist Discourses: Chapter Outline 24 Bibliography 31 Materializations of Populism in Today’s Politics: Global Perspectives 38 The Cinderella Complex 38 The Rise of the Concept of Populism 40 Strategies of Populism 43 Anti-liberalism 48 Distrust of Traditional Media 49 Counter-Strategies 51 Defensive Strategies for Dealing with Populism 51 Ignore It 51 Quarantine It 51 Adapt the Concerns and Rhetoric of Populists 52 Positive Strategies for Dealing with Populism 52 Confront It 52 Active Discussion 52 Inclusive Political Participation 53 Media Awareness and Education 54 Socio-Economic Welfare and Cultural Openness 54 Conclusion 55 Bibliography 56 Theorizing Populism: Lessons Learned from the Indian Example 60 Introduction 60 Re-signifying Progressive Politics 64 Technocratic Liberalism and Demagoguery 66 Culture, Passions, and the Emergent Social Psychology 69 New Cultural Subalterns 71 Conclusion: Economic Elites Versus New Cultural Subalterns 73 Bibliography 77 Populism and the Media 79 Populism and the Media: Introduction to Part II 80 Bibliography 84 Populism and the Media in Brazil: The Case of Jair Bolsonaro 87 In Search of a Concept 88 Populism in Brazil 90 Is Bolsonaro a Populist? 93 The Power of the New Media 98 Conclusion 104 References 105 “Matters of the Heart”: The Sentimental Indian Prime Minister on All India Radio 109 Introduction 109 The Populist Prime Minister: From Nehru to Narendra—Continuities in Indian Political Oratory 111 Modi “Online” on All India Radio? Populist Hybrid Media Technologies 116 Mann Ki Baat as a Sensational Form: The Nation as an Aesthetic Formation 118 Modi and the Registers of Populistic Rhetoric 120 The Sentimental Prime Minister: Of Tears and Emotional Connections 122 Direct Hotline with the Aam Aadmi (Common Man): The PM and/as ‘the People’ 124 Historical Authenticity: The Prime Minister and Civilization Speak 125 Conclusion 127 Bibliography 128 The 2019 Presidential Election in Ukraine: Populism, the Influence of the Media, and the Victory of the Virtual Candidate 131 Introduction: Presidential Elections in 2019 131 Zelenskyi vs. Poroshenko: Introducing the Main Rivals 134 Volodymyr Zelenskyi 134 Petro Poroshenko 137 Poroshenko vs. Zelenskyi: Rhetoric and Key Messages 139 Poroshenko’s Rhetoric 140 Zelenskyi’s Rhetoric 142 Media and Digital Technologies in the 2019 Presidential Election 146 Claims to Authenticity in the Election Campaign 150 Bibliography 155 Educational Media and Populism 165 Educational Media and Populism: Introduction to Part III 166 Impacts of Textbooks 167 Impacts on Textbooks 169 Conclusion 172 Bibliography 173 Against Indoctrination: The Movement Escola Sem Partido in Educational Media of Present-Day Brazil 177 Escola Sem Partido (ESP) 177 Right-Wing and Extreme Right Movements in Present-Day Brazil 180 Improvements to the Brazilian Educational System. Ethno-Racial and Gender Problems and Textbook Production 184 Threats to Educational Media in Brazil 187 Final Considerations 195 Bibliography 195 Populist Pulp in a Democracy: Propagandist Textbooks of the Hindu Right 199 The Textbooks of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh 201 The Curricular Revolution of 2004–2008 209 What Is Nationalism? 212 Sewing It Together 215 Bibliography 218 Gender and Patriotic Education: Populist Discourses and the Post-Colonial Condition in School Media 221 Introduction 221 Ukraine as a Postcolonial Society 222 Populism: Theoretical Considerations 223 Methodological Considerations 225 Education and Formation of a Nation 225 Patriotic Education and Gender 227 “Defence of the Homeland” 228 “Family Values” Textbooks and the “Ethics of Family Life” Course 232 Conclusion 236 Bibliography 238 Part I -- Chapter 1: Claims to Authenticity in Populist Discourses: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Materialisations of Populism in Today's Politics: Global Perspectives -- Chapter 3: Theorising Populism: Lessons Learned from the Indian Example -- Part II -- Chapter 4: Populism and the Media: Introduction to Part II -- Chapter 5: Populism and the Media in Brazil: the case of Jair Bolsonaro -- Chapter 6: “Matters of the Heart”: The Sentimental Indian Prime Minister on All India Radio -- Chapter 7: The 2019 Presidential Election in Ukraine: Populism, the Influence of the Media, and the Victory of the Virtual Candidate -- Part III -- Chapter 8: Educational media and populism: Introduction to Part III -- Chapter 9: Against Indoctrination: The movement Escola Sem Partido in educational media of present-day Brazil.-Chapter 10: Populist Pulp in a Democracy: Propagandist Textbooks of the Hindu Right -- Chapter 11: Gender and Patriotic Education: Populist Discourses and the Post-colonial Condition in School Media