The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State (Studies in Middle Eastern History)

Combining international and domestic perspectives, this book analyzes the transformation of the Ottoman Empire over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It views privatization of state lands and the increase of domestic and foreign trade as key factors in the rise of a Muslim middle class, which, increasingly aware of its economic interests and communal roots, then attempted to reshape the government to reflect its ideals. Contents......Page 8 Note on Pronunciation......Page 10 Introduction......Page 14 1 Islamic Revivalism: Popular Roots of Islamism (Pan-Islamism)......Page 31 2 The Precursors of Pan-Islamism: Peripheral Islam and the Caliphal Center......Page 59 3 Russia, Islam, and Modernism: The Legacy of the Past......Page 79 4 The New Middle Classes and the Naksbandia......Page 100 5 Knowledge, Press, and the Popularization of Islamism......Page 128 6 The War of 1877–1878 and Diverging Perceptions of Islam and Europe......Page 147 7 The Making of a Modern Muslim Ruler: Abdulhamid II......Page 166 8 The Sultan’s Advisers and the Integration of Arabs and Immigrants......Page 194 9 Ottoman-European Relations and Islamism......Page 219 10 Continuity of Form, Change in Substance: Dynasty, State, and Islamism......Page 234 11 The Harameyin, the Caliphate, and the British Search for an Arab Caliph......Page 252 12 The Caliphate and Ottoman Foreign Policy in Africa......Page 269 13 Formation of Modern Nationhood: Turkism and Pan-Islamism in Russia and the Ottoman Empire......Page 287 14 The Reconstruction of State, Community-Nation, and Identity......Page 319 15 Ottomanism, Fatherland, and the “Turkishness” of the State......Page 339 16 Turkishness of the Community: From Religious to Ethnic-National Identity......Page 364 17 The Turkist Thinkers: Ziya Gökalp, Yusuf Akçura, Fuat Köprülü......Page 385 Conclusion......Page 419 Notes......Page 434 Select Bibliography......Page 492 A......Page 520 B......Page 523 C......Page 524 E......Page 526 G......Page 528 H......Page 529 I......Page 530 K......Page 532 M......Page 533 N......Page 535 O......Page 536 P......Page 537 R......Page 538 S......Page 539 T......Page 541 U......Page 542 Y......Page 543 Z......Page 544 Contents 8 Note on Pronunciation 10 Introduction 14 1 Islamic Revivalism: Popular Roots of Islamism (Pan-Islamism) 31 2 The Precursors of Pan-Islamism: Peripheral Islam and the Caliphal Center 59 3 Russia, Islam, and Modernism: The Legacy of the Past 79 4 The New Middle Classes and the Naksbandia 100 5 Knowledge, Press, and the Popularization of Islamism 128 6 The War of 1877–1878 and Diverging Perceptions of Islam and Europe 147 7 The Making of a Modern Muslim Ruler: Abdulhamid II 166 8 The Sultan’s Advisers and the Integration of Arabs and Immigrants 194 9 Ottoman-European Relations and Islamism 219 10 Continuity of Form, Change in Substance: Dynasty, State, and Islamism 234 11 The Harameyin, the Caliphate, and the British Search for an Arab Caliph 252 12 The Caliphate and Ottoman Foreign Policy in Africa 269 13 Formation of Modern Nationhood: Turkism and Pan-Islamism in Russia and the Ottoman Empire 287 14 The Reconstruction of State, Community-Nation, and Identity 319 15 Ottomanism, Fatherland, and the “Turkishness” of the State 339 16 Turkishness of the Community: From Religious to Ethnic-National Identity 364 17 The Turkist Thinkers: Ziya Gökalp, Yusuf Akçura, Fuat Köprülü 385 Conclusion 419 Notes 434 Select Bibliography 492 Index 520 A 520 B 523 C 524 D 526 E 526 F 528 G 528 H 529 I 530 J 532 K 532 L 533 M 533 N 535 O 536 P 537 Q 538 R 538 S 539 T 541 U 542 V 543 W 543 Y 543 Z 544 This book analyzes the transformation of the Ottoman Empire over the 19th and 20th centuries. It focuses on Muslim revivalist-fundamentalist movements which were contained by the Ottoman government's Islamist ideology and whose ideas fuelled a new kind of nationalist-religious ideology This text analyses the transformation of the Ottoman Empire over the 19th and 20th centuries. It focuses on Muslim revivalist-fundamentalist movements which were contained by the Ottoman government's Islamist ideology Kemal H. Karpat. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 481-508) And Index.