The Political Economy of Refugee Migration and Foreign Aid

This book explores the determinants of forced migration and its political implications from an economic perspective. It describes the distribution of burdens from forced migration across countries, and analyzes the strategic interaction of national refugee policies to control refugee flows. This book inquires the determinants of forced migration, describes the distribution of burdens from forced migration across countries, and analyzes the strategic interaction of national refugee policies to control refugee flows. Emphasis is put on the role of asymmetries between countries with respect to their preferences regarding immigrants, the costs incurred by immigrants, their stage of development and especially their geographical position as neighboring first asylum country or Western asylum country. Special attention is given to one policy instrument to control refugee migration flows, namely foreign aid. The book attempts to answer questions such as: What are the driving factors of forced migration movements? How can refugee burdens be assessed and compared across different types of host countries? Who are the actors in international refugee protection and management, and how do they act? And finally, how does the phenomenon of international refugee movements, and specifically how do asylum seekers, influence the aid allocation politics of Western industrialized countries? This Book Inquires The Determinants Of Forced Migration, Describes The Distribution Of Burdens From Forced Migration Across Countries, And Analyzes The Strategic Interaction Of National Refugee Policies To Control Refugee Flows. Emphasis Is Put On The Role Of Asymmetries Between Countries With Respect To Their Preferences Regarding Immigrants, The Costs Incurred By Immigrants, Their Stage Of Development And Especially Their Geographical Position As Neighboring First Asylum Country Or Western Asylum Country. Special Attention Is Given To One Policy Instrument To Control Refugee Migration Flows, Namely Foreign Aid. The Book Attempts To Answer Questions Such As: What Are The Driving Factors Of Forced Migration Movements? How Can Refugee Burdens Be Assessed And Compared Across Different Types Of Host Countries? Who Are The Actors In International Refugee Protection And Management, And How Do They Act? And Finally, How Does The Phenomenon Of International Refugee Movements, And Specifically How Do Asylum Seekers, Influence The Aid Allocation Politics Of Western Industrialized Countries? Part I: Introduction -- Research Objective -- Research Outline -- Part Ii: Forced Migration Patterns And Politics -- Introduction -- Migration Characteristics -- Migration Types -- Migration Causes -- International Actors For Refugee Protection -- Unhcr And Its Historical Background -- Other International Organizations -- National States -- Refugee Politics -- Burden-sharing And International Cooperation -- Migration Prevention And Aid Assistance -- Part Iii: International Refugee Burdens -- Introduction -- Assessing The Refugee Burden To Host Countries -- Methodology Of A Refugee Burden Index -- Refugee Capacity Index -- Ability-to-care -- Socio-political Acceptance Of Immigrants -- Politico-institutional Performance -- Refugee Gaps -- Refugee Burden Index -- Results -- Concluding Remarks -- Part Iv: Determinants Of Forced Displacement -- Introduction -- Conflict History And Displacement In Aceh, Indonesia -- Theoretical Background Of Displacements --^ Empirical Analysis Of Displacement In Aceh -- Data Source And Descriptive Statistics -- Empirical Strategy -- Estimation Models -- Main Control Variables -- Estimation Results -- Concluding Remarks -- Part V: The Political Economy Of Refugee Migration -- Introduction -- Model Analysis -- The Cross-border Option -- The Asylum-seeking Option -- Counter-asylum Policies -- Defensive Asylum Policy: Asylum Restriction -- Decline In Self-reliance In The Cross-the-border Country -- Decline In Recognition Rates In The Western Asylum Country -- Proactive Asylum Policy: Migration Preventive Aid Transfers -- Aid To The First Asylum Country -- Aid To The Country Of Origin -- Self-financing Proactive Asylum Policy -- Concluding Remarks -- Part Vi: Asylum Cooperation Among Asymmetric Countries -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Analytical Framework -- Asylum Cooperation In The European Union -- Concluding Remarks -- Part Vii: Refugee Movements And Aid Politics -- Introduction --^ Aid And Refugee Migration Policies -- Aid Allocation Patterns And Statistics -- Un Diplomacy And Aid Allocation -- Data -- Results -- Concluding Remarks -- Part Viii: Aid Allocation And Asylum Migration -- Introduction -- Aid Allocation Literature Review -- The Model -- Comparative Statics -- Empirical Evidence -- Data And Methodology -- Empirical Results -- Concluding Remarks -- Part Viiii: Refugee Movements And Aid Responsiveness -- Introduction -- Refugee Movements: Some Policy Options -- Empirical Analysis -- Methodology -- Data -- Results -- Aggregate Aid Allocation -- Donor-specific Aid Allocation -- Concluding Remarks. Mathias Czaika. Includes Bibliographical References (p.192-202) And Index. Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Figure List of Table Abbreviations PART I: INTRODUCTION Research Objective Research Outline PART II: FORCED MIGRATION PATTERNS AND POLITICS Introduction Migration Characteristics Migration Types Migration Causes International Actors for Refugee Protection UNHCR and its Historical Background Other International Organizations National States Refugee Politics Burden-Sharing and International Cooperation Migration Prevention and Aid Assistance PART III: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE BURDENS Introduction Assessing the Refugee Burden to Host Countries Methodology of a Refugee Burden Index Refugee Capacity Index Ability-to-care Socio-political Acceptance of Immigrants Politico-institutional Performance Refugee Gaps Refugee Burden Index Results Concluding Remarks PART IV: DETERMINANTS OF FORCED DISPLACEMENT Introduction Conflict History and Displacement in Aceh, Indonesia Theoretical Background of Displacements Empirical Analysis of Displacement in Aceh Data Source and Descriptive Statistics Empirical Strategy Estimation Models Main Control Variables Estimation Results Concluding Remarks PART V: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFUGEE MIGRATION Introduction Model Analysis The Cross-Border Option The Asylum-Seeking Option Counter-asylum Policies Defensive Asylum Policy: Asylum Restriction Decline in Self-Reliance in the Cross-the-Border Country Decline in Recognition Rates in the Western Asylum Country Proactive Asylum Policy: Migration Preventive Aid Transfers Aid to the First Asylum Country Aid to the Country of Origin Self-financing Proactive Asylum Policy Concluding Remarks PART VI: ASYLUM COOPERATION AMONG ASYMMETRIC COUNTRIES Introduction Literature Review The Analytical Framework Asylum Cooperation in the European Union Concluding Remarks PART VII: REFUGEE MOVEMENTS AND AID POLITICS Introduction Aid and Refugee Migration Policies Aid Allocation Patterns and Statistics UN Diplomacy and Aid Allocation Data Results Concluding Remarks PART VIII: AID ALLOCATION AND ASYLUM MIGRATION Introduction Aid Allocation Literature Review The Model Comparative Statics Empirical Evidence Data and Methodology Empirical Results Concluding Remarks PART VIIII: REFUGEE MOVEMENTS AND AID RESPONSIVENESS Introduction Refugee Movements: Some Policy Options Empirical Analysis Methodology Data Results Aggregate Aid Allocation Donor-specific Aid Allocation Concluding Remarks PART X: CONCLUSION Summary Policy Implications A Appendix B Bibliography Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 List of Tables......Page 10 List of Figures......Page 12 Abbreviations......Page 13 Acknowledgements......Page 15 1.1 Research objective......Page 16 1.2 Research outline......Page 20 2.1 Introduction......Page 25 2.2 Migration characteristics......Page 26 2.3 International actors for refugee protection......Page 31 2.4 Refugee Politics......Page 34 3.1 Introduction......Page 40 3.2 Assessing the refugee burden to host countries......Page 41 3.3 Methodology of a refugee burden index......Page 45 3.4 Concluding remarks......Page 55 4 Determinants of Forced Displacement: The Case of Aceh, Indonesia......Page 58 4.1 Introduction......Page 59 4.2 Conflict history and displacement in Aceh, Indonesia......Page 61 4.3 Theoretical background of displacements......Page 65 4.4 Empirical analysis of displacement in Aceh......Page 67 4.5 Concluding remarks......Page 80 5.1 Introduction......Page 82 5.2 The Model......Page 85 5.3 Counter-asylum policies......Page 92 5.4 Concluding remarks......Page 102 6.1 Introduction......Page 103 6.2 Literature review......Page 105 6.3 The analytical framework......Page 109 6.4 Asylum cooperation in the European Union......Page 119 6.5 Concluding remarks......Page 127 7.1 Introduction......Page 129 7.2 Aid and refugee migration policies......Page 130 7.3 Aid allocation patterns and statistics......Page 133 7.4 UN diplomacy and aid allocation......Page 138 7.5 Concluding remarks......Page 144 8.1 Introduction......Page 146 8.2 Aid allocation literature review......Page 147 8.3 The model......Page 150 8.4 Comparative statics......Page 152 8.5 Empirical evidence......Page 153 8.6 Concluding remarks......Page 159 9.1 Introduction......Page 161 9.2 Refugee movements: some policy options......Page 163 9.3 Empirical analysis......Page 166 9.4 Concluding remarks......Page 177 10.1 Summary......Page 179 10.2 Policy implications......Page 181 Appendix......Page 185 Notes......Page 196 Bibliography......Page 207 C......Page 218 M......Page 219 W......Page 220 Cover 1 Contents 8 List of Tables 10 List of Figures 12 Abbreviations 13 Acknowledgements 15 1 Introduction 16 1.1 Research objective 16 1.2 Research outline 20 2 Forced Migration Patterns and Politics 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Migration characteristics 26 2.3 International actors for refugee protection 31 2.4 Refugee Politics 34 3 International Refugee Burdens 40 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 Assessing the refugee burden to host countries 41 3.3 Methodology of a refugee burden index 45 3.4 Concluding remarks 55 4 Determinants of Forced Displacement: The Case of Aceh, Indonesia 58 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Conflict history and displacement in Aceh, Indonesia 61 4.3 Theoretical background of displacements 65 4.4 Empirical analysis of displacement in Aceh 67 4.5 Concluding remarks 80 5 The Political Economy of Refugee Migration 82 5.1 Introduction 82 5.2 The Model 85 5.3 Counter-asylum policies 92 5.4 Concluding remarks 102 6 Asylum Cooperation among Asymmetric Countries 103 6.1 Introduction 103 6.2 Literature review 105 6.3 The analytical framework 109 6.4 Asylum cooperation in the European Union 119 6.5 Concluding remarks 127 7 Refugee Movements and Aid Politics 129 7.1 Introduction 129 7.2 Aid and refugee migration policies 130 7.3 Aid allocation patterns and statistics 133 7.4 UN diplomacy and aid allocation 138 7.5 Concluding remarks 144 8 Aid Allocation and Asylum Migration 146 8.1 Introduction 146 8.2 Aid allocation literature review 147 8.3 The model 150 8.4 Comparative statics 152 8.5 Empirical evidence 153 8.6 Concluding remarks 159 9 Refugee Movements and Aid Responsiveness 161 9.1 Introduction 161 9.2 Refugee movements: some policy options 163 9.3 Empirical analysis 166 9.4 Concluding remarks 177 10 Conclusion 179 10.1 Summary 179 10.2 Policy implications 181 Appendix 185 Notes 196 Bibliography 207 Index 218 A 218 B 218 C 218 D 219 E 219 G 219 H 219 I 219 L 219 M 219 N 220 O 220 P 220 R 220 S 220 T 220 W 220 9780230576889 Palgrave Macmillan 'Lack of economic analysis has long reduced the intellectual and practical value of research on refugees. This book makes a major contribution to filling that gap. Its rigorous but accessibly presented applications of economic theory and econometrics to forced migration and related policies shed new light on key issues, and will stimulate others to do more research of this type and quality.' - Professor Adrian Wood, Department of Economics, Oxford University, UK This text explores the determinants of forced migration and its political implications from an economic perspective. It describes the distribution of burdens from forced migration across countries, and analyzes the strategic interaction of national refugee policies to control refugee flows Electronic book text. - Originally published in: 2009