The political economy of HIV/AIDS in developing countries : TRIPS, public health systems, and free access

The issue of universal and free access to treatment is now a fundamental goal of the international community. Based on original data and field studies from Brazil, Thailand, India and Sub-Saharan Africa under the aegis of ANRS (the French national agency for research on Aids and viral hepatitis, this timely and significant book both assesses the progress made in achieving this objective and presents a rigorous diagnosis of the obstacles that remain. Placing particular emphasis on the constraints imposed by TRIPS as well as the poor state of most public health systems in Southern countries, the contributing authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the huge barriers that have yet to be overcome in order to attain free access to care and offer innovative suggestions of how they might be confronted.In doing this, the book renews our understanding of the political economy of HIV/AIDS in these vast regions, where the disease continues to spread with devastating social and economic consequences. This volume will be a valuable addition to the current literature on HIV/AIDS in developing countries and will find widespread appeal amongst students and academics studying economics, sociology and public health. It will also be of interest to international organizations and professional associations involved in the fight against pandemics. New antiretroviral treatments and post-2005 TRIPS constraints : first moves toward IP flexibilization in developing countries -- Cristina d' Almeida, Lia Hasenclever, Gaëlle Krikorian, Fabienne Orsi, Cassandra Sweet and Benjamin Corait New trends in IP protection and health issues in FTA negotiations -- Gaelle Krikorian Evolution of prices and quantities of ARV drugs in African countries: from emerging to strategic markets -- Julien Chauveau, Constance Marie Meiners, Stéphane Luchini and Jean-Paul Moatti The Brazilian experience of 'scaling-up' : a public policy approach -- Guillaume Le Loup, Andreia Pereira de Assis, Maria Helena Costa-Couto, Jean-Claude Thoenig, Sonia Fleury, Kenneth Rochel de Camargo Jr. and Bernard Larouzé Technology transfer agreements and access to HIV/AIDS drugs : the Brazilian case -- Amélie Robine Scaling-up and reverse engineering : acquisition of industrial knowledge by copying drugs in Brazil -- Maurice Cassier and Marilena Correa Compulsory licensing in the real world : the case of ARV drugs in Brazil -- Cristina de Albuquerque Possas HIV prevalence estimates : the new deal in Sub-Saharan Africa since 2000 -- Joseph Larmarange -- Cost-effectiveness of HIV antiretroviral therapies in resource-limited settings / -- Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Caroline E. Sloan and Kenneth A. Freedberg 'Fragility' : a macro-dynamic motive to offer quick and general access to ART in LDC -- Bruno Ventelou, Yann Videau and Jean-Paul Moatti Procurement policies, governance models and ARV availability in French-speaking African countries : an overview -- Mamadou Camara, Cristina d'Almeida, Fabienne Orsi and Benjamin Coriat The public health approach to antiretroviral treatment : the case of Cameroon -- Sinata Koulla-Shiro and Eric Delaporte The cost of universal free access for treating HIV/AIDS in low-income countries : the case of Senegal -- Bernard Taverne, Karim Diop and Philippe Vinard Implementing funding modalities for free access : the case for a 'purchasing fund system' to cover medical care for PLWHA -- Phippe Vinard, Karim Diop and Bernard Taverne. Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 8 Acronyms......Page 16 Foreword......Page 22 Introduction: a new stage in the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic – an economic perspective......Page 24 PART I TRIPS, generic drugs and access to care: the post-2005 issues......Page 44 1. New antiretroviral treatments and post-2005 TRIPS constraints: first moves towards IP flexibilization in developing countries......Page 48 2. New trends in IP protection and health issues in FTA negotiations......Page 75 3. Evolution of prices and quantities of ARV drugs in African countries: from emerging to strategic markets......Page 101 PART II Securing free and universal access: lessons from Brazil......Page 124 4. The Brazilian experience of ‘scalingup’: a public policy approach......Page 128 5. Technology transfer agreements and access to HIV/AIDS drugs: the Brazilian case......Page 143 6. Scaling-up and reverse engineering: acquisition of industrial knowledge by copying drugs in Brazil......Page 153 7. Compulsory licensing in the real world: the case of ARV drugs in Brazil......Page 173 PART III Fighting AIDS in the heart of the pandemic: Sub-Saharan and low-income countries......Page 190 8. HIV prevalence estimates: the new deal in Sub-Saharan Africa since 2000......Page 192 9. Cost-effectiveness of HIV antiretroviral therapies in resource-limited settings......Page 213 10. ‘Fragility’: a macro-dynamic motive to offer quick and general access to ART in LDC......Page 235 11. Procurement policies, governance models and ARV availability in French-speaking African countries: an overview......Page 248 PART IV Building the future: public health systems and the free access challenge......Page 278 12. The public health approach to antiretroviral treatment: the case of Cameroon......Page 282 13. The cost of universal free access for treating HIV/AIDS in low-income countries: the case of Senegal......Page 296 Index......Page 336 New Antiretroviral Treatments And Post-2005 Trips Constraints : First Moves Toward Ip Flexibilization In Developing Countries / Cristina D' Almeida ... [et Al.] -- New Trends In Ip Protection And Health Issues In Fta Negotiations / Gaëlle Krikorian -- Evolution Of Prices And Quantities Of Arv Drugs In African Countries: From Emerging To Strategic Markets / Julien Chauveau ... [et Al.] -- The Brazilian Experience Of 'scaling-up' : A Public Policy Approach / Guillaume Le Loup ... [et Al.] -- Technology Transfer Agreements And Access To Hiv/aids Drugs : The Brazilian Case / Amélie Robine -- Scaling-up And Reverse Engineering : Acquisition Of Industrial Knowledge By Copying Drugs In Brazil / Maurice Cassier And Marilena Correa -- Compulsory Licensing In The Real World : The Case Of Arv Drugs In Brazil / Cristina De Albuquerque Possas -- Hiv Prevalence Estimates : The New Deal In Sub-saharan Africa Since 2000 / Joseph Larmarange -- Cost-effectiveness Of Hiv Antiretroviral Therapies In Resource-limited Settings / Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Caroline E. Sloan And Kenneth A. Freedberg -- 'fragility' : A Macro-dynamic Motive To Offer Quick And General Access To Art In Ldc / Bruno Ventelou, Yann Videau And Jean-paul Moatti -- Procurement Policies, Governance Models And Arv Availability In French-speaking African Countries : An Overview / Mamadou Camara ... [et Al.] -- The Public Health Approach To Antiretroviral Treatment : The Case Of Cameroon / Sinata Koulla-shiro And Eric Delaporte -- The Cost Of Universal Free Access For Treating Hiv/aids In Low-income Countries : The Case Of Senegal / Bernard Taverne, Karim Diop And Philippe Vinard -- Implementing Funding Modalities For Free Access : The Case For A 'purchasing Fund System' To Cover Medical Care For Plwha / Philippe Vinard, Karim Diop And Bernard Taverne. Edited By Benjamin Coriat. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. The Issue Of Universal And Free Access To Treatment Is Now A Fundamental Goal Of The International Community. Based On Original Data And Field Studies From Brazil, Thailand, India And Sub-saharan Africa Under The Aegis Of Anrs (the French Nationalagency For Research On Aids And Viral Hepatitis, This Timely And Significant Book Both Assesses The Progress Made In Achieving This Objective And Presents A Rigorous Diagnosis Of The Obstacles That Remain. Placing Particular Emphasis On The Constraints Imposed By Trips As Well As The Poor State Of Most Public Health Systems In Southern Countries, The Contributing Authors Provide A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Huge Barriers That Have Yet To Be Overcome In Order To Attain Free Access To Care And Offer Innovative Suggestions Of How They Might Be Confronted. In Doing This, The Book Renews Our Understanding Of The Political Economy Of Hiv/aids In These Vast Regions, Where The Disease Continues To Spread With Devastating Social And Economic Consequences. This Volume Will Be A Valuable Addition To The Current Literature On Hiv/aids In Developing Countries And Will Find Widespread Appeal Amongst Students And Academics Studying Economics, Sociology And Public Health. It Will Also Be Of Interest To International Organizations And Professional Associations Involved In The Fight Against Pandemics.