The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite (Nato Science Series A:, 105)

The behavioral neuroscience of thirst and sodium appetite are research ventures that have expanded dramatically in recent years. Work done in the mid-1950s and early 1960s made it clear that drinking behavior could be affected by direct manipulations of the brain, especially by brain damage and by pharmacological treat­ ments. Since that. time experimental approaches have diversified and the research enterprise has attracted the interest of a broad international community of scientists. Many aspects of both thirst and sodium appetite are being studied. The most prominent of these are: 1) phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of the phenomena of drink­ ing behavior, 2) the mechanisms of a variety of dipsogenic and antidipsogenic treatments, both drugs and hormones, 3) the biological controls of drinking and their interaction with the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, 4) the peripheral signals of drinking including the role of the baro- and volume-receptors, 5) the receptor systems within the brain and the neuroanatomical circuitry for thirst and sodium appetite, and 6) the possible roles of brain sodium and of the hormones of sodium conservation ln the arousal of sodium appetite. This acceleration of basic research activity has given in­ sights into the clinical disorders of thirst and salt appetite and has produced pharmacological agents of potential therapeutic use. Front Matter....Pages i-xx The Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Thirst....Pages 1-12 The Ontogeny of Angiotensin Dipsogenesis in the Rat....Pages 13-14 Perinatal Sodium Chloride Intake Modifies the Fluid Intake of Adult Rats....Pages 15-18 The Ontogeny of Thirst Mechanisms in Albino Rats....Pages 19-24 Behavioral Responsivity to Tastes in Developing Rats....Pages 25-29 The Ontogeny of Salt Intake in Rats....Pages 31-36 Effects of the Tachykinins Eledoisin and Physalaemin on Drinking Behaviour in Baby Rats....Pages 37-42 Integrative Rostromedial Diencephalic Neurons are Comodulated by Vasopressin and Angiotensin....Pages 43-57 Thyroid Activation Following Dehydration....Pages 59-64 Influence of Thyroid on Water and Food Intake....Pages 65-70 Role of Antidiuretic Hormone in Volume Regulation....Pages 71-76 Posterior Hypothalamic Polydipsia : Differential Effects to Several Dipsogenic Treatments....Pages 77-81 Hyperosmotic and Hypovolemic Thirst....Pages 83-96 Osmotic Thirst Suppression after Central Administration of Vasopressin Antagonists....Pages 97-102 Hyperosmotic Thirst: An Osmoreceptor Mechanism, a Sodium Receptor Mechanism or Both....Pages 103-108 Relationship Between Right Atrial Stretch and Plasma Renin Activity....Pages 109-114 A Single Experience with Hyperoncotic Colloid Dialysis Persistently Alters Water and Sodium Intake....Pages 115-121 The Brain-Renin-Angiotensin System: Update....Pages 123-133 Angiotensin-Sensitive Sites in the Central Nervous System....Pages 135-140 Central Metabolism of Angiotensins: Potential Functional Significance....Pages 141-147 Aspects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Control in Conscious Rats During Central Infusions of Angiotensin and Vasopressin....Pages 149-154 Decreased Binding Capacity of Central Angiotensin II Receptors Following Long-Term Administration of Angiotensin II....Pages 155-160 The Role of the Renal Renin-Angiotensin System in Thirst....Pages 161-180 Renin Dependence of Insulin-Induced Thirst....Pages 181-186 Comparison of Angiotensin II And III Induced Dipsogenicity and Pressor Action....Pages 187-192 Angiotensin II and Arterial Pressure in the Control of Thirst....Pages 193-198 Angiotensin Dependent Thirst Following Polyethyleneglycol Treatment in the Rat....Pages 199-203 A General Review of the Effects of Angiotensin-Peptides and 8-Substituted Analogs of Angiotensin II....Pages 205-211 Effects of Peptides of the “Gut-Brain-Skin Triangle” on Drinking Behaviour of Rats and Birds....Pages 213-226 Suppression of Water Intake by the E Prostaglandins....Pages 227-238 Benzodiazepine and Endorphinergic Mechanisms in Relation to Salt and Water Intake....Pages 239-244 Selective Antidipsogenic Effect of Kassinin in Wistar Rats....Pages 245-249 Sensitivity to Dipsogenic Peptides of Pigeons Bearing Lesions Directed to the Subfornical Organ (SFO)....Pages 251-256 Inhibition of Ang II-Induced Drinking by Dermorphin Given into the SFO or into the Lateral Ventricle of Intact or of SFO Lesioned Rats....Pages 257-263 Peripheral Mechanisms for the Maintenance and Termination of Drinking in the Rat....Pages 265-277 Disturbances in Water Balance Controls Following Lesions to the Area Postrema and Adjacent Solitary Nucleus....Pages 279-285 Preabsorptive and Postabsorptive Factors in the Termination of Drinking in the Rhesus Monkey....Pages 287-294 Histamine Plays a Role in Drinking Elicited by Eating in the Rat....Pages 295-299 Satiety and the Effects of Water Intake on Vasopressin Secretion....Pages 301-307 The Nature and Localization of Central Receptor Systems....Pages 309-320 Adipsia in Sheep Caused by Cerebral Lesions....Pages 321-326 The Organum Vasculosum Laminae Terminalis and Water Balance in Dogs....Pages 327-332 In Vitro Down Regulation and Possible Internalization of Central Angiotensin Receptors....Pages 333-338 Effect of Intracerebroventricular Administered Vanadate on Salt and Water Intake and Excretion in the Rat....Pages 339-344 The Visceral Neuraxis in Thirst and Renal Function....Pages 345-354 The Role of the Zona Incerta in Water Intake Regulation....Pages 355-360 Neural Circuits that Contribute to Procurement of Water....Pages 361-366 The Role of the Septal Area in the Regulation of Drinking Behavior and Plasma ADH Secretion....Pages 367-374 The Surface Morphology of the Cat Subfornical Organ....Pages 375-382 Endogenous Angiotensin and Sodium Appetite....Pages 383-394 Hormonal Synergy as the Cause of Salt Appetite....Pages 395-404 Sodium Appetite Induced by Sodium Depletion is Suppressed by Intracerebroventricular Captopril....Pages 405-411 Increased Sodium Appetite and Polydipsia in Goldblatt Hypertension....Pages 413-418 Influence of Sodium Load on Angiotensin-Induced Sodium Appetite....Pages 419-424 The Hormones of Renal Sodium Conservation Act Synergistically to Arouse a Sodium Appetite in the Rat....Pages 425-430 Sodium Appetite During Captopril Blockade of Endogenous Angiotensin Formation....Pages 431-439 The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Sodium Appetite in Rats....Pages 441-446 Sodium Appetite After Adrenalectomy or Deoxycorticosteronetreatment in Diabetes Insipidus (Brattleboro) Rats....Pages 447-452 Dopaminergic Modulation of Choice in Salt Preference Tests....Pages 453-458 Contol Mechanisms of Salt Appetite....Pages 459-463 The Nature of the Salt Appetite of Adrenalectomized Rats....Pages 465-472 The Effect of Local Change in CSF [Na] in the Anterior Third Ventricle on Salt Appetite....Pages 473-478 Peripheral Gustatory Mechanisms of Salt Intake in the Rat....Pages 479-483 Cerebral Na Sensors and Na Appetite of Sheep....Pages 485-490 The Evolution and Expression of Salt Appetite....Pages 491-496 Behavioral Dynamics in the Appetite for Salt in Rats....Pages 497-502 Effect of Cerebroventricular Infusion of Hypertonic Sodium Solutions on Sodium Intake in Rats....Pages 503-508 Role for α 2 -Adrenoceptors in Experimentally-Induced Drinking in Rats....Pages 509-519 Human Thirst: The Controls of Water Intake in Healthy Men....Pages 521-526 Effects of Narcotic Analgesics on Water and Food Intake in Normal Rats....Pages 527-534 Biochemical, Physiological and Pathological Properties of Endogenous Digitalis-Like Compounds....Pages 535-540 Disorderly Drinking During Development in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats....Pages 541-545 Back Matter....Pages 547-565