The physical basis for heterogeneous catalysis : Battelle Institute Materials Science Colloquia, Gstaad, Switzerland, Sept. 2-6, 1974

THE PHYSICAL BASIS FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS is the proceedings of the ninth Battelle Colloquium in the Materials Sciences, held in Gstaad, Switzerland, September 2-6, 1974. It took as its theme the application of modern theoretical and experimental surface physics to heterogeneous catalysis. Progress in the field by classical chemical methods seemed to have slowed down, at a time when the need for better catalysts was particularly great. The Organizing Committee thought it might be possible to accelerate progress by the application of the powerful techniques evolved in recent years for studying atomically clean surfaces. However, the translation of ideas derived from clean single crystal surfaces with well­ characterized chemisorbed layers to real catalysts with high ratios of surface to mass on which reactions were taking place and requiring transport of mass and energy is a giant step, raising many questions and requiring thorough discussion by surface physicists on the one hand and catalytic chemists on the other. The 1974 Battelle Colloquium provided a forum for this exchange. As its usual custom, the Colloquium started the first day of introduc­ tory lectures by three distinguished scientists who have contributed impor­ tantly over many years to this field. Front Matter....Pages N1-xxvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Fifty Years of Progress in the Study of the Catalytic Synthesis of Ammonia....Pages 3-34 Thermodynamics of Adsorption....Pages 35-51 The Specification of Active Centers in Metal Catalysts....Pages 53-71 Front Matter....Pages 73-73 The Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ESCA) for Studying Adsorbed Molecules....Pages 75-105 The Interactions and Reactions of Alkenes on Single-Crystal Surfaces of Platinum and a Comparison of Some Reactions in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis....Pages 107-123 Alkali Atom Adsorption on Nickel-Structure and Electronic Excitations....Pages 125-143 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Studies of Clean and Overlayered Surfaces....Pages 145-172 Orbital Energy Spectra Produced by Sorbed Atoms....Pages 173-187 Molecular Interactions in Adsorbed Layers....Pages 189-202 The Applicability of Electron-Emission Spectroscopy to Elucidate Chemisorption....Pages 203-230 Field Ion Microscope Studies of Interactions Between Atoms Adsorbed on Tungsten (110) Surfaces....Pages 231-245 Agenda Discussion: Experiments on Clean Metal Surfaces with Adsorbates....Pages 247-258 Front Matter....Pages 259-259 Theoretical Studies of Metal Aggregates and Organometallic Complexes Relevant to Catalysis....Pages 261-278 Density Functional Theory of Metal Surfaces and of Chemisorption on Metals....Pages 279-293 Theory of Chemisorption in Relation to Heterogeneous Catalysis....Pages 295-316 Agenda Discussion: Theory of Chemisorption....Pages 317-334 Front Matter....Pages 335-335 Catalytic and Magnetic Anisotropy of Iron Surfaces....Pages 337-362 Characterization of Porous Materials, in Particular Raney Platinum....Pages 363-372 Agenda Discussion: Small Particles....Pages 373-380 Front Matter....Pages 381-381 Field Ionization at Surfaces Investigated by Mass Spectrometry....Pages 383-394 Front Matter....Pages 381-381 The Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Catalysis on Platinum Crystal Surfaces....Pages 395-414 Theory of Energy and Momentum Exchange Between Neutral Gas Atoms and Metal Surfaces....Pages 415-426 Reactions Catalyzed Near Second-Order Phase Transitions of the Substrate....Pages 427-435 Isothermal Desorption Measurements....Pages 437-450 Condensation Kinetics and Mechanisms....Pages 451-465 Agenda Discussion: Kinetics and Transport....Pages 467-482 Front Matter....Pages 483-483 Classical Methods in Catalysis Research....Pages 485-500 Particle Growth in Supported Catalysts....Pages 501-524 A New Method to Elucidate the Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catalysis by Means of Microwave Spectroscopic Techniques....Pages 525-538 Experimental Results Relating to the Influence of Hot Electrons (Electrical Current Flow through the Catalyst) on Catalyzed Reactions....Pages 539-560 Front Matter....Pages 561-561 Concluding Agenda Discussion: Critical Issues (Experimental)....Pages 563-572 Concluding Agenda Discussion: Critical Issues (Theory)....Pages 573-588 Back Matter....Pages 589-596