The Pesher Nahum Scroll from Qumran: An Exegetical Study of 4Q169 (Studies of the Texts of Thedesert of Judah, Vol. 53) (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)

Annotation The Underlying Premise Of This Study Is The Close Relationship Between Pesher Nahum (4q169) And Its Biblical Base-text. Historical And Literary Considerations, As Well As Theological, Sociological, Halakhic, Textual, And Linguistic Data, Are Examined In Terms Of Their Exegetical Functions. This Edition Includes A Transcription And Translation Of 4qpnah, With Textual Notes. The Treatment Of 4qpnah Follows The Natural Division Of The Extant Text Into Five Thematic Literary Sections, Or Pericopes, Each Consisting Of A Series Of Lemma/pesher Units. For Each Pericope, Proposed Historical Contextualizations Are Evaluated On The Basis Of Exegetical Criteria. Equivalents Are Mapped For Each Unit, Such That Individual Elements Of Each Lemma Are Aligned With Corresponding Elements From The Biblical Base-text. A Focus Upon Lemma/pesher Correspondence Provides The Framework For Systematic Exegetical Analysis Of 4qpnah. I. Introduction -- Ii. Text -- Iii. Pericope 1, Pesher Units 1-5 -- Iv. Pericope 2, Pesher Units 6-10 : Historical Context -- V. Pericope 2, Pesher Units 6-10 : Literary Analysis -- Excursus : Hanging In Pesher Nahum : A Literary And Exegetical Study Of Unit 9 -- Vi. Pericope 3, Pesher Units 11-16 : Historical Analysis -- Vii. Pericope 3, Pehser Units 11-16 : Literary Analysis -- Viii. Pericope 4 (3-4 Iii,8 -- Iv,4 And Frag 5), Pesher Units 17-26 -- Ix. Conclusion : Textual, Historical, And Literary Evaluation Of Pesher Nahum. By Shani L. Berrin. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [309]-325) And Indexes. THE PESHER NAHUM SCROLL FROM QUMRAN: An Exegetical Study of 4Q169......Page 4 CONTENTS......Page 8 List of Tables......Page 12 Acknowledgments......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 18 1.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE......Page 20 1.1.1 Principal Secondary Sources......Page 22 1.2 PHYSICAL DATA......Page 25 1.3.1 Qumran Pesher......Page 28 1.3.2 Significance of the base-text......Page 31 1.3.3 Lemma/Pesher Correspondence......Page 37 1.4 CHAPTER OUTLINES......Page 38 1.4.1 Textual Analysis: Chapter 2......Page 39 1.4.2 Historical Analysis (Chapters 4, 6, 8, and Excursus to ch. 5)......Page 42 1.4.3 Literary Analysis: Lemma/Pesher Correspondence (Chapters 3, 5, 7, 8)......Page 47 2.1 TRANSCRIPTION AND TEXTUAL VARIANTS......Page 52 2.2.1 Frags 1–2......Page 58 2.2.2 Frags 3–4 I......Page 65 2.2.3 Frags 3–4 II......Page 79 2.2.4 Frags 3–4 III......Page 82 2.2.5 Frags 3–4 IV......Page 88 2.2.6 Fragment 5......Page 90 3. PERICOPE 1, PESHER UNITS 1–5......Page 92 3.2 PESHER UNIT 1......Page 93 3.3 PESHER UNIT 2......Page 94 3.4 PESHER UNIT 3......Page 96 3.5 PESHER UNIT 4......Page 98 3.7 SUMMARY OF PERICOPE 1......Page 103 4. PERICOPE 2, PESHER UNITS 6–10: HISTORICAL CONTEXT......Page 106 4.1.1 Demetrius......Page 108 4.1.2 Seekers-after-Smooth-Things (דרשי החלקות)......Page 110 4.1.3 Antiochus......Page 119 4.1.4 Kittim......Page 120 4.1.5 Young Lion of Wrath (כפיר החרון)......Page 123 4.1.6 Ephraim......Page 128 4.2.2 Unit 7......Page 137 4.2.3 Unit 8......Page 141 4.2.5 Unit 10......Page 145 4.3 CONCLUSION......Page 149 5.1 PESHER UNIT 6......Page 150 5.2 PESHER UNIT 7......Page 153 5.3 PESHER UNIT 8......Page 164 5.3.1 Model I: Basic equivalence in unit 8 (“non-Carmignac” restoration)......Page 166 5.3.2 Model II: “Carmignac restoration”: Demetrius attacks Alexander Jannaeus......Page 167 5.3.3 Model III: The Seekers-after-Smooth-Things attack Alexander Jannaeus......Page 168 5.4 PESHER UNIT 9......Page 174 5.5 PESHER UNIT 10......Page 177 5.6 SUMMARY OF PERICOPE 2......Page 182 ex 5.1.1 Strangulation (חנק)......Page 184 ex 5.1.2 Exposure to Predation (טרף)......Page 187 ex 5.1.3 Hanging alive/Crucifixion (תלה חי)......Page 189 ex 5.2 LEGAL PRECEDENT (בישרטל מלפנים)......Page 192 ex 5.3 THE PHRASE [ki jiqra]......Page 195 ex 5.3.1 Condemnation of Crucifixion......Page 196 ex 5.3.2 Approval of Jannaeus’s Crucifixion......Page 199 ex 5.3.3 Explication......Page 203 ex 5.3.4 “Linked reading”: Nah 2:14 as part of pesher in Unit 9......Page 204 ex 5.3.5 Prolonged Exposure......Page 209 6. PERICOPE 3, UNITS 11–16: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS......Page 212 6.1.1 Ephraim......Page 215 6.1.2 תלמוד......Page 220 6.1.3 ובהנלות כבוד יהודה......Page 224 6.2 KEY TEMPORAL PHRASES......Page 227 6.3.1 The Reign of Salome Alexandra......Page 239 6.3.2 Pompey’s Takeover of Judea......Page 241 6.3.3 The Reign of Alexander Jannaeus......Page 243 6.3.4 Alternative Proposal: Adaptation of Dupont-Sommer’s Attribution of the Pericope to Pompey’s Conquest......Page 247 6.4 CONCLUSION......Page 250 7.1 PESHER UNIT 11......Page 254 7.2 PESHER UNIT 12......Page 256 7.3 PESHER UNIT 13......Page 263 7.4 PESHER UNIT 14......Page 273 7.5 PESHER UNIT 15......Page 275 7.6 PESHER UNIT 16......Page 281 7.7 SUMMARY OF PERICOPE 3......Page 284 8. PERICOPE 4 (3–4 III,8–IV,4 AND FRAG 5), PESHER UNITS 17–26......Page 286 8.1 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF PERICOPE 4......Page 287 8.2 LITERARY ANALYSIS OF PERICOPE 4......Page 295 8.2.1 Pesher Unit 17......Page 296 8.2.2 Pesher Unit 18......Page 297 8.2.4 Pesher Unit 20......Page 299 8.2.5 Pesher Unit 21......Page 300 8.2.6 Pesher Unit 22......Page 302 8.2.8 Pesher Unit 24......Page 303 8.3.2 Pesher Unit 26......Page 304 9.1.1 “Qumranic” features: Orthographic, Morphological, and Semantic Observations......Page 306 9.1.2 Textual Variants......Page 310 9.1.4 Relationship to MurXII......Page 313 9.1.5 Agreement of Pronominal Identification Formulas......Page 314 9.1.6 Vacats......Page 316 9.2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT......Page 320 9.3 LITERARY ANALYSIS......Page 325 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 328 INDEX OF SCRIPTURAL CITATIONS AND ANCIENT SOURCES......Page 346 INDEX OF SUBJECTS......Page 362 INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS......Page 366