The Permanent International Criminal Court: Legal And Policy Issues (5) (studies In International Law)

This book critically examines the fundamental legal and policy issues involved in the establishment and functioning of the Permanent International Criminal Court. Detailed consideration is given to the history of war crimes trials and their place in the system of international law, the legal and political significance of a permanent ICC, the legality and legitimacy of war crimes trials, the tensions and conflicts involved in negotiating the ICC Statute, the general principles of legality, the scope of defenses, evidential dilemmas, the perspective of victims, the nature and scope of the offenses within the ICC's jurisdiction - aggression, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, questions of admissibility and theories of jurisdiction - and the principle of complementarity, national implementation of the Statute in a range of jurisdictions, and national and international responses to the ICC. The expert contributors are drawn from the UK, Sweden, Canada and Australia. The book blends detailed legal analysis with practical and policy perspectives and offers an authoritative complement to the extensive commentaries on the ICC Statute. Half Title Page......Page 1 Half Title verso......Page 2 Title Page......Page 3 Title verso......Page 4 Contents......Page 5 List of Contributors and Editors......Page 15 Introduction......Page 19 Part I: The Origins and Development of the Permanent International Criminal Court......Page 25 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 27 2. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIALS:AN OVERVIEW......Page 28 3. NUREMBERG, TOKYO, YUGOSLAVIA, RWANDA:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS......Page 32 4. THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)......Page 58 5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 63 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 65 2. LAW AND POLITICS......Page 66 3. SOVEREIGNTY AND THE INTERNATIONAL......Page 70 4. REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING......Page 77 5. CONCLUSION......Page 78 Part II: Jurisdiction and Admissibility......Page 81 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 83 2. JURISDICTION RATIONE MATERIAE......Page 84 4. JURISDICTION RATIONE PERSONAE......Page 88 5. THE EFFECT OF THE TERRITORIALITY AND NATIONALITY CONDITIONS ON JURISDICTION......Page 90 6. UNIVERSAL AND REPRESENTATION JURISDICTION:DIFFERING CONCEPTIONS......Page 94 7. TRIGGERING MECHANISMS AND ADMISSIBILITY PROCEDURE......Page 99 8. COMPLEMENTARITY IN PRACTICE......Page 104 9. COMPLEMENTARITY AND AMNESTIES......Page 107 10. CONCLUSION......Page 109 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 113 2. SECURITY COUNCIL REFERRAL OF CASES TO THE ICC......Page 114 3. THE PROBLEM OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF ICC DECISIONS......Page 120 4. THE POTENTIAL CLASH BETWEEN PEACE AND JUSTICE:THE SECURITY COUNCIL VERSUS THE ICC STATUTE......Page 123 5. THE ISSUE OF THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION AND THE POTENTIAL FOR REVIEW OF SECURITY COUNCIL DECISIONS......Page 128 6. THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OFSECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1422......Page 133 Part III: The Crimes......Page 139 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 141 2. HOW AGGRESSION BECAME THE SUPREME CRIME......Page 142 3. FROM NUREMBERG TO ROME......Page 145 4. A WAY FORWARD?......Page 153 5. THE CHANGING CONTEXT OF THE DEBATE......Page 157 1. BACKGROUND TO THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE......Page 161 2. ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 6 OF THE ROME STATUTE......Page 163 3. ‘GROUP, AS SUCH’......Page 169 4. ‘NATIONAL, ETHNICAL, RACIAL OR RELIGIOUS’......Page 174 5. THE ACTUS REUS OF GENOCIDE......Page 180 6. CONCLUSION......Page 195 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 197 2. GENERAL ISSUES......Page 200 3. THE ‘CHAPEAU’ AND THRESHOLD REQUIREMENTS......Page 204 4. THE ENUMERATED SPECIFIC ACTS......Page 207 5. CONCLUSION......Page 219 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 221 2. WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES OF WAR......Page 222 3. WAR CRIMES BEFORE THE ICC......Page 224 4. NEW TREATY LAW......Page 226 5. THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 230 6. THE ROLE OF PREVIOUS TREATIES......Page 235 7. WAR CRIMES DURING AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT......Page 238 8. WAR CRIMES IN NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS......Page 243 9. CONCLUSION......Page 248 Part IV: Liability and Defences......Page 249 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 251 2. THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LIABILITY IN THE ROME STATUTE......Page 253 3. INCHOATE CRIMES......Page 269 4. MENS REA......Page 272 5. SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY......Page 275 6. CONCLUSION......Page 279 1. THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF CRIMINAL DEFENCES......Page 281 2. IS THERE A PLACE FOR DOMESTIC DEFENCES IN THE ICC STATUTE?......Page 284 3. SUBSTANTIVE DEFENCES......Page 287 4. INADMISSIBLE DEFENCES......Page 301 5. CONCLUSION......Page 302 Part V: Evidence and Victims......Page 303 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 305 2. EVIDENCE BEFORE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS......Page 306 3. EVIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 317 4. APPEALS ON MATTERS OF EVIDENCE......Page 330 5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 331 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 333 2. THE EXPERIENCE OF VICTIM-WITNESSES: OBJECTIFICATION?......Page 335 3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF VICTIM PARTICIPATION......Page 338 4. THE OPERATION OF THE VICTIM PARTICIPATION SCHEME......Page 340 5. INSTRUMENTAL PARTICIPATION......Page 342 6. THE FORM OF PARTICIPATION......Page 345 7. RESPONDING TO PARTICIPATION......Page 350 8. CONCLUSION......Page 352 Part VI: National Implementation and Political Responses......Page 353 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 355 2. THE UNITED KINGDOM......Page 359 3. DIFFERENT APPROACHES WITHIN THE COMMON LAW TRADITION:THE EXAMPLES OF NEW ZEALAND AND CANADA......Page 371 4. COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCES IN THE CIVIL LAW TRADITION:THE EXAMPLES OF BELGIUM, FRANCE AND GERMANY......Page 379 5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 405 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 407 2. POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR THE ICC......Page 409 3. POLITICAL OPPOSITION TO THE ICC — THE UNITED STATES......Page 418 4. POLITICAL OPPOSITION TO THE ICC — OTHER STATES......Page 455 5. SOVEREIGNTY, DEMOCRACY AND ACCOUNTABILITY......Page 459 6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 467 Part VII: The Significance of the International Criminal Court......Page 469 2. PERMANENCE......Page 471 3. ENSURING INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE......Page 474 4. THE ICC AND THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY STRUCTURE......Page 487 5. THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER......Page 490 6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 494 Appendices......Page 497 Index......Page 505 "The idea of an International Criminal Court has captured the international legal imagination for over a century. In 1998 it became a reality with the adoption of the Rome Statute. This book critically examines the fundamental legal and policy issues involved in the establishment and functioning of the Permanent International Criminal Court. Detailed consideration is given to the history of war crimes trials and their place in the system of international law,the legal and political significance of a permanent ICC, the legality and legitimacy of war crimes trials, the tensions and conflicts involved in negotiating the ICC Statute, the general principles of legality, the scope of defences, evidential dilemmas, the perspective of victims, the nature and scope of the offences within the ICC's jurisdiction - aggression, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, questions of admissibility and theories of jurisdiction, the principle of complementarity, national implementation of the Statute in a range of jurisdictions, and national and international responses to the ICC. The expert contributors are drawn from a range of national jurisdictions - UK, Sweden, Canada, and Australia. The book blends detailed legal analysis with practical and policy perspectives and offers an authoritative complement to the extensive commentaries on the ICC Statute."--Bloomsbury Publishing. The idea of an International Criminal Court has captured the international legal imagination for over a century. In 1998, it became a reality with the adoption of the Rome Statute. This book critically examines the fundamental legal and policy issues involved in the establishment and functioning of the Permanent International Criminal Court. Detailed consideration is given to the history of war crimes trials and their place in the system of international law, the legal and political significance of a permanent ICC, the legality and legitimacy of war crimes trials, the tensions and conflicts involved in negotiating the ICC Statute, the general principles of legality, the scope of defences, evidential dilemmas, the perspective of victims, the nature and scope of the offences within the ICC's jurisdiction – aggression, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, questions of admissibility and theories of jurisdiction, the principle of complementarity, national implementation of the Statute in a range of jurisdictions, and national and international responses to the ICC. The expert contributors are drawn from a range of national jurisdictions – UK, Sweden, Canada, and Australia. The book blends detailed legal analysis with practical and policy perspectives and offers an authoritative complement to the extensive commentaries on the ICC Statute. Criminal trials before international tribunals : legality and legitimacy / Dominic McGoldrick Politics, sovereignty, remembrance / Gerry Simpson Jurisdiction and admissibility issues under the ICC Statute / Iain Cameron The peace and justice paradox : the International Criminal Court and the UN Security Council / Dan Sarooshi The unfinished work of defining aggression : how many times must the cannonballs fly, before they are forever banned? / William A. Schabas The crime of genocide / Christine Byron Crimes against humanity / Timothy L.H. McCormack War crimes / Peter Rowe General principles of liability in international criminal law / Robert Cryer Defences in international criminal law / Ilias Bantekas Evidence before the ICC / Kevin R. Gray Victim participation at the International Criminal Court : a triumph of hope over experience? / Emily Haslam Aspects of national implementation of the Rome Statute : the United Kingdom and selected other states / David Turns Political and legal responses to the ICC / Dominic McGoldrick The legal and political significance of a permanent International Criminal Court / Dominic McGoldrick.